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The Divine Downtown Diocesan Tour Multi-Cache

Hidden : 3/16/2010
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DISCLAIMER

Despite the religious nature of this cache, neither Groundspeak nor I officially endorse any particular religion. The goal of this cache is to explore the history of Bytown/Ottawa, specifically the churches within the city. This cache is not meant to promote any particular faith, and only intended to teach about local history. I apologise if this cache offends anyone.


A warning to Oregon/Dakota/Colorado users - This cache description exceeds the 8192 character limit on the paperless caching feature. You will either need to print off the cache page, or have access to it through other means.

One further note - This cache is not intended to be a Google Street View cache. Please refrain from using this resource, as it will not help you much, and it will only make you the subject of ridicule

Station 1

Christ the Saviour Orthodox Sobor

N45 24.638 W075 42.485

As Ottawa’s oldest Orthodox parish, Christ the Saviour finds its roots amongst the Ukrainian immigrants who came to Canada from Austria-Hungary following the First World War. These immigrants from the Bukovyna region (today situated on the Ukraine-Romania border) founded this parish in 1918, and built ‘Holy Trinity Bukowinian Orthodox Cathedral’ on Gladstone Avenue. In 1968 the decision was made to replace the half-century old church and the parish moved to its current location, retaining its original name. In the 1980s another Orthodox parish was created, this one named ‘Christ the Saviour.’ After sending several years using rented space in the Westboro area, Christ the Saviour merged with Holy Trinity in 2003, lending its name to the combined parish.

Today, Christ the Saviour provides an excellent example of an Orthodox Church, featuring such Byzantine architectural and decorative features as domes, nine ornate chandeliers, pressed tin ceiling panels and icons from the original 1918 building. For those of you who might be less familiar with the Orthodox Church, take a minute to notice that the difference between the familiar Latin and the Byzantine crosses that are on this building.

The posted co-ordinates will place you on the sidewalk in front of Christ the Saviour. Nearby there is a corner stone. What is the Digital Root of the second word on this plaque? Add 1 and call this ‘A.’


Station 2

Saint Patrick’s Basilica

N45 25.016 W075 42.018

Saint Patrick’s Basilica was the first Catholic Parish in the Ottawa area that was specifically designed to serve to English speaking people in the region. The Parish was founded in 1855, and quickly became a centre of the Irish community in the Ottawa-Hull area. The Oblates of Mary Immaculate, who came to Canada from France in 1841, were the founders of this parish. The first church was a small former Methodist church on Sparks Street that the Oblates bought for $1200. This original church was known as Saint Andrew’s Church, not to be confused with the nearby Presbyterian church dedicated to the same saint. When the time came to build a more suitable church, the present site was chosen. As a result of this Irish community, the new church was named after Saint Patrick. The original church was then sold to Parker’s Dye Works for $2,321. The C. D. Howe building now stands on that spot.

Construction on the current church began in 1868, and was the work of architect Augustus Laver of Fuller and Laver Architecture Firm. Fuller and Laver were famous for having designed the East and West Blocks of Parliament. By the 6th of October 1872, the still incomplete building finally saw its cornerstone laid by Sir John A MacDonald, after having been blessed by Bishop Joseph-Eugène-Bruno Guigues. The first Mass was said on Saint Patrick’s Day the following year. Three years later on the 14th of March 1875, the still incomplete church itself was blessed by then Bishop Joseph-Thomas Duhamel.

The church was raised to the status of Minor Basilica on Saint Patrick’s Day, 1995.

During the long building process, Laver moved his offices to the United States and another local architect, King Arnoldi, assumed the project. The exterior deviated somewhat from Laver’s original plan, however by 1898 the spire was added to bring it somewhat closer to the original design. The exterior is a fine example of Gothic, with plain, rock-faced grey limestone walls and smooth white stone trim. The trim was imported from Ohio, however the limestone is local. Inside, Saint Patrick’s features many elements that are standard to a Cathedral of the style, including a high Altar of Reservation made of white Belgian marble and decorated with Mexican onyx. This altar was designed by Montreal’s J. A. Karch, and completed in 1902. In the centre niche sits a marble statue of the church’s namesake, Saint Patrick. At the top of this altar is a third type of cross – The Celtic Cross. The ceiling, painted in the 1920s and 30s by Guido Nincheri, features a colourful geometric pattern that is said to enhance the High Victorian Gothic architecture, emphasise height, and draw the eye upward.

The co-ordinates for this station place you near the front door. There is a plaque nearby. B= One more than the digital root of the first year on the plaque


Station 3

Saint Andrew’s Presbyterian Church

N45 25.251 W075 42.256

Next we turn from Ireland’s Patron Saint to Scotland’s, and the other ‘Saint Andrew’s Church.’

Saint Andrew’s, established in 1828, was Bytown’s first stone church. The previous year had seen the first Catholic Masses held on the south shore of the Ottawa River in a house on Bank Street (near Wellington) owned by John McCarthy, and the construction of a small wooden Wesleyan Methodist Church in Sandy Hill. The community still lacked both a Presbyterian and an Anglican church to serve many of the growing Scottish and English population. The latter group was able to attend an Anglican service in Hull as early as 1824, however it was not until July 21st of 1833 that an Anglican service was held in Christ Church Bytown (today Christ Church Cathedral); Bytown’s first Anglican church.

In 1828 there was a lull in the construction of the Rideau Canal, and the decision was made by the Canal’s head stonemason Thomas MacKay to redirect the efforts of his skilled workers towards the construction of Saint Andrew’s. As there was only a Catholic and a Methodist church in the region at the time, MacKay and his Scottish followers did not have a church to suit their needs. MacKay, Matthew Connell, William Stewart & John Low purchased a tract of land from Nicholas Sparks for the sum of £200 and immediately commenced the church’s construction. In April, the cornerstone was laid by James Ferguson, and by the middle of October the building was nearly complete. The first service was held on the 28th of September 1828 by Reverend John Machar

The original church was a simple A-frame structure with three windows on each side, and without a steeple. The interior was equally plain, and could seat around 300 people.

Saint Andrew’s is remarkable for one particular reason – It was deemed to be the region’s ‘Established Church’ for the purpose of receiving a Clergy Reserve (or ‘Glebe’) from the Government of Upper Canada. The normal definition of ‘Established Church’ was the Church of England, however in the absence of an Anglican Church, MacKay and a few other local politicians were able to successfully lobby the government to grant a Glebe to Saint Andrew’s in 1837. The boundaries of this land were Bronson Avenue from Carling Avenue south to Fifth Avenue, and Main Street from the old St. Patrick's College (at Oblate Avenue) south to Clegg Avenue. The church was able to sell off plots gradually in order to cover their expenses. The sale of all 178 acres (the other twenty-two were a part of the Rideau Canal) resulted in $750,000 by 1946 when the last section of land was finally sold.

By the 1850s, the congregation had grown to exceed the 300 person capacity, and was expanded in 1855. In 1872, the original church was torn down and replaced with the building that we see today. Another Gothic Revival building, Saint Andrew’s has a number of lovely stained glass windows. Perhaps the most interesting of these is the large window over the North Balcony. This is one of the original windows from 1873, and features a geometric pattern that intentionally avoids any representation of either the Human or the Divine.

As you stand on the front stairs, count the vertical bars on the railing. C= The digital root of the number of bars.


Station 4

Notre Dame Cathedral Basilica

N45 25.787 W075 41.810

The first mission began on this site in 1827, however it wasn’t until 1832 that the small wooden St Jacques Church was built here. By 1839, the first plans to build a larger church had developed, and in 1841 the cornerstone of the current church was blessed by then Bishop of Kingston, Rémi Gaulin. Construction on the church’s structure took place between 1841 and 1865, originally using missionaries on temporary postings as the labour force. Upon the arrival of the Oblate Fathers in 1844, work began to progress on a much more regular basis as the Oblates oversaw the construction. On the 25th of June 1847, the incomplete church was elevated to the status of Cathedral and made the seat of the newly formed Diocese of Bytown’s Bishop, Joseph-Eugène-Bruno Guigues. The Cathedral was neither complete nor decorated when this action was taken, and it was not until 1885 that the interior ornamentation was complete. In 1879, the beauty and historical significance of the Cathedral was deemed great enough that Pope Leo XIII elevated it to a Minor Basilica, the first in Ontario and second in Canada. On the 8th of June 1886, the Diocese of Ottawa was elevated to an Archdiocese.

The church, at Father John Francis Cannon’s request, was originally meant to have a Neo-Classical design. Local builder Antoine Robillard designed the building in the Neo-Classical style, however when the Oblates took the parish over in 1844, Father Pierre-Adrien Telmon changed the style to the more common Neo-Gothic. This change part way through construction can still be seen today, as it left the lower level (including the main-entrance) Neo-Classical, while the higher features became Neo-Gothic. Although the main structure was completed by 1846, the Twin tin steeples were not added until 1858.

Although the exterior of Notre Dame is quite reserved, the interior is highly ornate. Designed largely by Canon Georges Bouillon, the interior is another fine example of a Roman Catholic Cathedral, complete with a high altar, stained glass windows and high vaulted ceilings. I’ll let this picture sum up Notre Dame’s interior;



Notre Dame is Ottawa’s oldest surviving church building.

In which year was Notre Dame designated a heritage property? D= One less than the third digit of that year.


Station 5

Saint Brigid’s Church

N45 25.890 W075 41.452

And now we take the move that many of Ottawa’s Irish did near the end of the 19th century – From Notre Dame to Saint Brigid’s, and our only deconsecrated stop.

Whereas Upper Town was inhabited mainly by English and Scottish inhabitants, and was largely a mixture of various Protestant denominations (most notably Anglican & Presbyterian), Lower Town was mainly Irish and French and almost entirely Roman Catholic. As Lower Town approached the end of the 19th century, the French population was growing and the Irish were playing an increasingly less significant role in Notre Dame. In March of 1888, the Irish community began to discuss the establishment of an Anglophone parish, and a committee of Irish Parishioners from Notre Dame met with then Archbishop of Ottawa, the Most Reverend John-Thomas Duhamel. The result of this meeting was the decision to establish a new parish for the Irish, and by the 3rd of May James R. Bowes had been selected as the architect. The construction lasted two years beginning in 1889, and the labour force even included a few men who had worked on the Rideau Canal. The completed Saint Brigid’s was blessed on the 3rd of August, 1890.

Unlike the church that the Irish parishioners were leaving, Saint Brigid’s is not a Neo-Gothic structure. Saint Brigid’s is a Romanesque Revival structure, and this can be seen in the round arches in which the front doors are set, as well as the relatively simple (though nonetheless ornate) interior. Despite the Romanesque Revival/Italian Renaissance detail of the church, it was designed such that it did not look out of place in the Victorian Era either, and does preserve something of a Neo-Gothic feel. The top of the taller of the two towers is a stylised Bishop’s Mitre, which represents the parish’s support of the Ultramontanist tradition.

In May of 2006, then Archbishop Marcel Gervais announced that Saint Brigid’s would be closing, citing a shrinking congregation and the fact that Saint Brigid’s required several hundred thousand dollars in repairs. The parishioners did not give in easily, going so far as to take the Archdiocese to court, however these efforts failed. Saint Brigid’s held its last mass in September of 2007, and was sold later that same month to a group of local investors.

Today, Saint Brigid’s is home to Saint Brigid’s Centre for the Arts and Humanities, and the National Irish Canadian Cultural Centre.

According to the plaque, When was Saint Brigid’s designated as a heritage property? E= Three more than the digital root of the date.


Station 6

Saint Alban the Martyr Anglican Church

N45 25.647 W075 41.110

Following the 1857 selection of Ottawa as the nation’s capital, the city saw a growth in population as civil servants and other government officials. As a result of this population growth, it became obvious that the original Christ’s Church (Today Christ Church Cathedral, which is located on Sparks Street) would not be able to adequately serve Ottawa’s Anglican community. The decision was made to form a new congregation and open a new church. In the meantime, the new congregation held services in the Daly Avenue Courthouse while officials pursued the construction of a new church.

In 1866, Toronto Architect Thomas Fuller (famous for designing the original Centre Block of Parliament) was selected to design the church that was to become St Alban’s. Fuller designed the church as ‘a most beautiful, well-proportioned church of Early English style" with "transepts, chancel... a fine tower and spire.’ Unfortunately, the site that was selected for St Albans was on a rather steep hill, and Fuller’s grand plans had to be scaled back significantly. When this issue was raised, Fuller was otherwise engaged and his student King Arnoldi was hired to rework the plans. Arnoldi tried to preserve as much of Fuller’s original design as was reasonable, however he was forced to remove the transepts, chancel, tower and spire out of budget concerns. The tower was replaced by a small belfry at the crossing of the nave roof and chancel. The chancel and a transept were finally added in 1877, completing the construction began in 1867. Though not as Fuller originally designed it, Arnoldi was able to capture the style of a rural early English church.

St Alban’s became a sort of ‘official church’ of Canada’s political elite, being the church of such figures as Sir John A MacDonald, Lord Monck and Sir Charles Tupper.

The listed co-ordinates should place you in a small recessed area. How many of these famous men are listed on the plaque? Subtract 1 from this number and call it F. Due to the construction, I will give the answer to this. F = 4, as five men are listed.


Station 7

Saint Joseph’s Church

N45 25.531 W075 41.107

The French missionaries who we know as the Oblates came to our region looking to provide the locals with more adequate religious services, and of course to do missionary work amongst the natives of the Ottawa Valley and beyond. Almost immediately upon their arrival in Bytown, they adopted the partially built Notre Dame Church as their own, and made that the centre of their missionary work. By the middle of the 1850s, the OMI’s role as missionaries was lessening, and had more turned towards the administration of the new Diocese of Bytown, created on the 25th of June, 1847. Before St Joseph’s Church even comes to be, the accomplishments of the Oblates must first be noted. When the Diocese of Bytown was created, the Oblate Father and newly ordained Bishop Joseph-Eugène-Bruno Guigues had seven Oblate priests (including himself), eight diocesan priests, eight churches and twenty-five chapels at his disposal to serve around 40,000 Catholics in his enormous diocese. As soon as their role as missionaries was reduced, it was no longer necessary to have them in full control of the diocese, and therefore they could foresee the need to leave Notre Dame if they wanted to continue to focus their efforts on missionary work. As a result of this, the Oblates came to an agreement on the 17th of August, 1856, that would see them relinquish control of the Diocese of Ottawa. Joseph-Eugène-Bruno Guigues was still the Bishop of the Diocese of Bytown, the Oblates were still around, and very little actually changed, however the ‘Oblates’ (as in the French Missionaries) were no longer actually in control of the diocese.

In this agreement, we see the beginnings of Saint Joseph’s Church. The Oblates ceded to the Diocese of Ottawa its clergy, 67 churches, 48 chapels and several schools – far more than the Oblates had had when they took over the administration of the region just twelve years earlier. In exchange for this, the Oblates were allowed to keep the College of Bytown (originally Saint Joseph’s College of Bytown, and today the University of Ottawa), the local seminary, and Saint Joseph’s Church, which was being built at the time of the agreement. The Oblates were granted Saint Joseph’s Church to keep in perpetuity, and became the new centre of the Oblate mission that was still quite active. Allowing the Oblates to have this church was likely in part due to the diocese wanting to thank them for the work that they had done, however they had also requested a new home for their mission. The Oblates wanted to have a permanent home in order to continue to serve the logging camps, small missions and Algonquins in the region. The diocese today still stretches into Northern Ontario right to James Bay, and at the time even covered parts of Quebec. Today, the Oblates still retain almost everything that they got out of this agreement. The one thing that was lost was the University of Ottawa, which was made non-denominational in 1965. The Pontifical Charter of the University of Ottawa was transferred to the newly established Saint Paul University in Old Ottawa East. Saint Paul’s is still entrusted to the Congregation of the Missionaries Oblates of Mary Immaculate.

In 1828, Lieutenant-Colonel John By granted land (most of today’s Sandy Hill) to one of his lieutenants, Réné Léonard Besserer. Besserer died on the 9th of October the same year, and his older brother Louis Théodore Besserer was his heir. Louis Besserer immediately set to work dividing Sandy Hill into lots, however those lots proved difficult to sell due to the sandy and unproductive land, and the lack of churches, schools and business. By 1845, Besserer transferred six of these lots over to the Roman Catholic Church for them to establish a church and a college. It wasn’t until the aforementioned agreement between the diocese and the Oblates that this land was transferred to the Oblates and Besserer’s intentions were realised. On this land was built the first Saint Joseph’s Church, and the re-located College of Ottawa.

On the 29th of August 1856 Saint Joseph’s Parish was founded, however the first church was not consecrated until the 19th of March 1858. The building was a small traditional stone church with few notable architectural features, other than a clock above the door, and the first church bells in Ottawa. It could seat 230 parishioners on its 92 benches. Following the naming of Ottawa as the capital and the subsequent transfer of a few hundred civil servants to Ottawa, many of those civil servants began to attend Saint Joseph’s. As a result of this, it was decided that the church was too small, and in 1866 two transepts were added. Those two transepts added 138 new benches, brining the total number of benches up to 230. Naturally, the congregation continued to grow. In 1889, the Notre Dame situation happened in reverse – the French community built their own church. Despite the building of l’Église Sacré-Coeur (which is still standing just across Laurier) and the 100 families that would be leaving Saint Joseph’s, the old church was still too small for the ever-growing congregation, and on the 23rd of April, 1890, the Superior General of the Oblates authorised the preparation of plans for a new church. The last mass was held at the original Saint Joseph’s in February of 1892.

On the 23rd of January, 1892, a contract was signed with W. E. Doran of Montreal to build the second church. Construction began four months later, and the cornerstone ceremony was held on the 26th of June, 1892. The new church was dedicated on November 19th, 1893, and could seat 1100 people. The second church was 62’ high, 192’ long, 75’ wide (expanding to 105’ at the transepts), and had a 192’ tall tower. The church was built in the Roman Renaissance style, and was decorated in a way that was similar to Notre Dame. One notable detail of the construction is that the foundation was well enough built that it was able to be reused when the current church was built. This second church survived for 37 years before it was destroyed by fire on the night of the 27th of December, 1930.

Work on the third church was commenced shortly after the fire. Not only was the church built on the foundations of the second church, parts of the exterior wall up to the stained glass windows were retained. In rebuilding the church, the architectural style was changed from Roman Renaissance to Neo-Gothic, and in order to make the building more fire-resistant, Father Finnegan replaced the varnished wooden walls with bare cement brick walls. On the 4th of January, 1932, then archbishop Guillaume Forbes of Ottawa consecrated the marble altar. It is this third church that still stands today.

In what year did the Oblate Fathers come to Canada? G= One less than the fourth digit of that year.


Station 8

Saint Theresa Catholic Church

N45 25.132 W075 41.300

Saint Theresa’s is one of the newer stops on the Divine Downtown Diocesan Tour, and shares its beginnings with its parent church Saint Patrick’s Basilica. This church also has an interesting Geo-History. I initially came across a listing for an old VictorEcho cache known as ‘The Great Glebe Gospel Tour’ (GCKGGW) in the summer of 2008. As I had recently adopted Smork’s ‘The Glebe’ series, I instantly felt that I had to resurrect the old cache, and in November of 2008, I listed ‘The Glebe: The Great Gospel Tour’ (GC1JE7M). As a part of my sequel to The Great Glebe Gospel Tour, I figured that I should include the church that was featured in JLAM-D’s ‘GAG8 – Home away from home’ (GCVM70). My first GPS died that night – Hopefully you will have better luck when visiting this site!

Unfortunately, there is very little written on the history of Saint Theresa’s. If any knowledgeable cacher either knows of the history of this parish, or else can direct me to a source, I’d very much appreciate it.

Saint Theresa’s was founded in as a branch of Saint Patrick’s Basilica. The purpose of creating the new parish was to provide a more convenient church for those living in the eastern part of Centretown. The Romanesque Revival church was designed by the ruminant Ottawa residential architect Werner Ernst Noffke, and completed that same year. Noffke is famous for many of his houses (many of which are in the Glebe), and the Central Post Office at Elgin and Sparks.

H = The digital root of the year Saint Theresa’s was built, plus 2.


Station 9

All Saints’ Anglican Church

N45 25.635 W075 40.669

The Anglican Diocese of Ottawa was only two-years-old when on the 15th of April, 1898, Mr Henry Newell Bates (Chairman of the Ottawa Improvement Commission) asked Bishop Charles Hamilton to form a new parish in Ottawa. By the 24th of June, all of the necessary preparations had been made. Mr Bateman laid the first stone himself on the 2nd of April, 1899. The chief cornerstone was laid by the Bishop on the 7th of June that same year. The first services were held in the church on the 4th of February, 1900. The first Rector of All Saints’ was the Reverend A. W. Mackay the former Curate of the old Saint John’s Anglican Church, which was on Sussex Street where the Connaught Building stands today. He held this post until his death in August of 1919.

The church, however, was not consecrated until the 1st of February, 1914. This was done following the decision by (now Sir) Henry Bates to give the church and land to the Rector and his wardens as a gift on the 21st of January.

The church, which was designed by Alfred M. Calderon, is yet another Gothic revival design. The church features a crenellated tower with a nine-bell chime, and no fewer than fourteen stained glass windows. Commemorated by memorial windows, are Mackay, Sir Robert Laird Borden, Prime Minister from 1911 to 1920, and several other former members of the congregation. In 1934, Bate Memorial Hall was added in honour of the church’s founder. The church also held the Sir Robert Borden’s funeral in 1937.

There is a plaque next to the door. I = The digital root of the first year on the plaque.


Station 10

Saint Clement’s Church

N45 25.244 W075 40.406

At the closure of the Second Vatican Council on the 21st of November, 1965, the decision was announced that, along with several other reforms to the church, the liturgy would no longer be required to be delivered in Latin. This decision brought to an end the traditional or ‘Tridentine’ Mass that had been the standard throughout most of the Roman Catholic world since the end of the Council of Trent in 1570. Naturally, not everyone was particularly happy with this decision and many wished to retain the Tridentine Mass. Ottawa was no exception to this, and the handful who wished to preserve this tradition decided to do something about it. Saint Clement’s, or at least the idea of it, was born.

Saint Clement’s itself originated on the 3rd of March, 1968, the first Sunday of Lent. A small group of Ottawans were showing, as Bernard Pothier’s book on the history of the parish put it, ‘signs of disquiet,’ when they gathered for a Tridentine Mass in the Monastery of Sisters Adorers of the Precious Blood, on Echo Drive. The Mass had been authorised by then Archbishop Joseph-Aurèle Plourde, and was celebrated by an older Priest who agreed to grant these worshiper’s wish. Canon René Martin was at that time semi-retired and the chaplain at the monastery. By the 24th of May 1974, The Vatican had revoked this permission (it was appealed by Martin and Plourde, but their request was again rejected), and the congregation was forced to use the Novus Ordo Missae. As a compromise, Plourde offered the right to celebrate the new Mass in Latin, an offer which the congregation happily accepted, and Father Martin endeavoured to custom tailor the Novus Ordo Missae in such a way that it as closely resembled the Tridentine Mass as was possible under the current Vatican directives. Despite the good-natured acceptance of the majority of the congregation, a number of families did choose to leave after this incident.

The congregation continued to worship in the Monastery until 1984, at which time they acquired a small building on Albion Road. 1984 was a significant year for the congregation in one other area as well. In an indult dated 3 October, 1984, Pope John-Paul II authorised the diocesan bishops to allow groups who wished to do so the right to celebrate the Mass according to the Roman Missal of 1962. The return to the Tridentine Mass came a few weeks later, after Plourde verified with the Vatican and finally granted the parishioners of Saint Clement’s that right. On December 19th, 1984, the new building was blessed by Archbishop Plourde, and placed under the patronage of Saint Clement.

The community continued to use this building until 1993, at which time then Archbishop Marcel Gervais made a larger church in Sandy Hill available. This church, which now stands before you, was originally the home of a Francophone Parish called Saint Pie X, however in June 1984, the shrinking parish was reunited with its mother church Sacré-Coeur. At that time, the building was sold to the Lebanese Maronite community and was re-dedicated to Saint Charbel. In less than a decade, the Maronite congregation grew to a point where they needed to move to a larger building on Donald Street. At this time, the church was offered to Saint Clement’s. Saint Clement’s purchased the building, and at the same time the Archbishop elevated the community to the status of a quasi-parish. The Tridentine Mass resumed at the new church on the 26th of September, 1993.

On the 23rd of November (The feast day of Saint Clement), 1997, Archbishop Gervais elevated Saint Clement’s to a full canonical bilingual indult parish.

What is the date on the cornerstone? Subtract the street address to get a four digit number. J= Two less than the digital root of this four digit number.

Update - 1 May/18 - I've relocated the final. It is now 0.006° North, and 0.062° west. Please update your solution accordingly.

Additional Hints (Decrypt)

Svsgu cbfg

Decryption Key

A|B|C|D|E|F|G|H|I|J|K|L|M
-------------------------
N|O|P|Q|R|S|T|U|V|W|X|Y|Z

(letter above equals below, and vice versa)