A Geo Time Trail on the Waterloo Moraine EarthCache
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A Geo Time Trail on the Waterloo Moraine
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This Earthcache is on a city trail that is open from 6am-11pm.It is a nice walk or bike ride.You will have to gather an answer at each plaque about the ground under your feet and e-mail them all the to CO
The Waterloo Moraine provides drinking water for over 300,000 people throughout Waterloo Region.
The Waterloo Moraine was formed as three huge ice lobes retreated across what is now Waterloo Region from Lake Huron in the west, Georgian Bay in the northeast, Lake Ontario in the east and Lake Erie in the southeast. As the glaciers moved, they carried huge boulders, along with sand and gravel and debris. As the ice disappeared, the Waterloo Moraine remained, a huge complex of glacial sediments that is more than 100 metres thick in places. Meltwater streams cascading from the surface of the ice lobes carried enormous deposits of sand and gravel and blocks of bedrock.
In the vicinity where the three ice lobes began to retreat, sits the recharge areas that allow surface water to enter back into the ground source. The speed of absorption depends on the density of aquifers and aquitards. Aquifers are made up of sand, gravel and silt where the water filters down relatively quickly. The shallow aquifers feed area bodies of water such as creeks and streams while the deeper aquifers feed down to replenish the ground water. The aquitards are the protective layers of clay that slowly filters the water and act to protect the main source from contamination. Left on its own, it is a naturally renewable way to gather fresh drinking water.
As you walk along this trail at one of the highest points of the moraine,you will find plaques that will explain the ground formation under your feet.It will start hundreds of millions of years before the moraine even began to form right to the present day.E-mail the CO the answers to the following questions:
At the cache site-When was this Moraine probably created?
2-Late Precambrian-What was the name of the supercontinent?
3-Late Precambrian-What is the former mountain range that was at least as high as present day Himalayas?
4-Late Precambrian-Ediacarans are found preserved as fossils on every continent except?
5-Paleozoic-In Waterloo Region, Cambrian rocks are represented by about ? m of beds immediately above the Precambrian basement?
6-Paleozoic-Near Waterloo the ??? outcrops as the red coloured units.
7-Paleozoic-What is the third period of the Paleozoic called?
8-Paleozoic-What did the organic remains convert to?
9-Mesozoic-What is the second period of the Mesozoic called?
10-Mesozoic-Break up of this supercontinent,finished during the Cretaceous and resulted in the formation of the present continents of our world?
11-Cenozoic-How much time does every 1mm of this trail represent?
I would like to thank The City of Waterloo and Dr. Alan V. Morgan of UW for putting this trail story together.
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