SK:
Na suradniciach
najdete drobnu, ale peknu a funkcnu technicku pamiatku s kovanym
oplotenim (obr. 1) – je to sucast vodarenskeho systemu mesta
Kosice zo zaciatku 20. storocia. Suvisia s nou aj zberace vody z
pramenov v useku 13 km v Cermelskom udoli, ktore na svojich
vyletoch uvidite popri lesnych cestach ci vo svahoch: drobne
hlinene pahorky s plechovou strieskou, pod ktorou zurci
voda.
Kedy to bolo postavene a ako to funguje?
Mesto Kosice malo koncom 19. storocia okolo 40 000 obyvatelov (z
toho na predmestiach byvalo 25 000 ludi), ale nebol tu vodovod
– zasobovanie vodou poskytovali sukromne studne (na dvoroch
domov ci v suterenoch) a 42 verejnych kopanych i vrtanych studni na
verejnych priestranstvach, na technologicke ucely uzivali v meste i
vodu z potoka na Hlavnej ulici.Kanalizacia bola na vacsine uzemia
mesta len povrchova – z domov vylievali pouzitu vodu do stoky
ci jarku na ulici, niektore ulice mali vybudovanu aj otvorenu stoku
s odvodom mimo zastavane uzemie mesta.Skoro kazdy dom v meste mal
vlastnu zumpu, ktoru bolo potrebne pravidelne
vyprazdnovat.
Kosicki radni zacali vystavbu mestskeho vodovodu rozvazne: v rokoch
1900 a 1901 velmi podrobne sledovali vydatnost pramenov v mestskych
lesoch – v Cermelskom udoli od Vysokeho vrchu cez svah
Bankova az po tzv. Baranok. Na zaklade dvojrocnych merani mnozstva
a laboratorneho rozboru vody a overeni skusenosti aj zo zahranicia
dali v roku 1903 spracovat projektovu dokumentaciu vodovodu, a to
tak, aby za par rokov mestania mohli dostat chutnu pitnu vodu z 27
horskych pramenov – k vybranym vydatnym pramenom postavili
podzemne zberace s odvetranymi betonovymi sachtami, pokrytymi
hlinou (to su tie pahorky so strieskou – obr. 2), tieto
spojili do velkeho zberaca (3), pouzili pritom 215 sacht (pri
kazdej zmene smeru ci spadu), a na vhodnom mieste (na
suradniciach!) postavili vodarnicku (4) s prerusovacou nadrzou a
cerpadlom, neskor tu pribudla i chlorovna.
Hlavny vodojem zriadili na Kalvarskom kopci, aby
odtial voda zasobila kazdy dom v meste bez dalsieho cerpania, len s
vyuzitim gravitacie. Pri navrhu pocitali s rezervou pre buduci
rozvoj mesta: s poctom 50 000 obyvatelov, na stavbu si mesto vzalo
uver a postupne ho splacalo, a aby predislo plytvaniu s vodou, pre
obyvatelov mesta vydalo zavazny statut pre uzivanie vodovodu a
kanalizacie ...
Po vybudovani vodarne a vodojemu pokracovali s vodovodom v meste,
zaroven kladli v uliciach aj kanalizaciu a novu dlazbu. Prace
ukoncili v roku 1912. Kompletnu dokumentaciu pripravy a vystavby
vodovodu a kanalizacie s plnym znenim prislusnych rokovani mestskej
rady vratane rozpoctov a skutocnych nakladov na jednotlive prace
spracoval a v roku 1913 v troch zvazkoch (5) publikoval mestsky
inzinier a hlavny koordinator projektu: Gabor Gondor – po
smrti mu mesto dalo vyhotovit bronzovu pamatnu tabulu s reliefom
(autor: V. Loffler), ktora bola donedavna osadena na vodarnicke v
Cermeli (6). Odkedy vsak tabulu chcel ktosi ukradnut (zacal
uvolnovat skoby, ktorymi bola pripevnena), riaditelstvo vodarni ju
radsej odviezlo – dufajme, ze sa tu vrati coskoro aspon jej
kopia.
EN:
On the coordinates you will find a tiny but nice and still used
industrial heritage building with a forged fence (1) – it is
a part of the water supply system of the town Kosice from the
beginning of the XXth century. Following parts of it are collectors
of the springwater in a distance of 13 km in the Cermel valley
– you can see them during your trips close to the forest
roads or in the slopes: they form small hills with a tin roofing
upon the bickering water.
When was it built and how does it work?
The town Kosice had at the end of the XIXth century about 40 000
inhabitants (25 000 from them lived in the suburbs), but there was
no water conduit – the water supply was fulfilled by private
wells (in courtyards or cellars of the houses) and by 42 public
fountains only, for technological purpose served the water from the
brook in the middle of the High street as well. The sewerage system
was only a surface-water-sewer – the waste-water from the
households was spilled out on the street directly. The majority of
the houses had its own sink-hole which had to be emptied
regularly.
The municipal council prepared the building of
the public water supply carefully: in 1900 and 1901 specialists
observed the spring-discharge of the springs in the forests of
Kosice – in the Cermel valley through Vysoky vrch and Bankov
up to the so-called Baranok. Based on the measurements done in two
years, on chemical analyses of the water and according to
experience from abroad in 1903 the project of the water supply was
completed – in some years the citizens could drink the tasty
water from 27 mountain springs, with underground collectors built
from air-ventilated concrete collector cells, covered with clay and
tin shaft-covers (the small hills with roofing – fig. 2), the
springwater led to a big collector pipe (3), by using 215
inspection-chambers (located by every change of direction or
descent) and a small water-station (4) with a catchment cistern and
a pump was built in a propriate place (on coord.), later completed
with a chlorinator equipment.
The main water-reservoir was arranged on the Calvary hill so that
the whole town could be supplied without special pumps, just by the
gravitation of the water. The project included a reserve for the
future development of the site – it counted the needs of 50
000 inhabitants, the municipality took a bank credit for the
realisation and then payed it by installments for years. For the
usage of the public water-supply and sewerage the town then
constituted an obligatory Statute for the
citizens.
When the building of the water-station and the reservoir was
completed, the building continued with the water piping in the
town, connected with the installing of the sewerage system in each
street and completed with new pavements. The whole work was
finished in 1912. The complete documentation of preparation and
realisation of the new public water-supply and sewerage system in
Kosice, including records from the sessions of the municipal
council, documents of calculations and bills with the real costs
for every part of the work were collected and published in 1913 in
three volumes (5) by the hydraulic city engineer Gabor Gondor
– for his merits the town arranged a bronze memorial plaque
with his portrait (created by V. Loffler) which was set on the
water station in Cermel (6). But some years ago when somebody tried
to steel the plaque, the water authorities moved it in a safety
place – we hope the plaque or at least its copy will soon
return to this place again.
Keska:
na oploteni vodarnicky
je liatinova tabula s velkym cislom v tvare ABB a letopoctom, s jej
pomocou suradnice kesky, ukrytej v butlavine velkeho stromu,
vypocitate takto:
N: 48° 45. [ 108 +
(ABB/15 )]
E: 021° 12. { 305 - [ (ABB/15) x 2 ] +
A}
Odporucanie: nechodte od vodarnicky priamo za sipkou (teren
4), ale vratte sa na parking a odtial vas sipka povedie terenom 2
priamo k finalu.
Upozornenie: priamo pri vodarnicke sa neda zastat s autom,
parkovisko je vsak
blízko.
Cache:
on the fence there is a
cast-iron plaque with a large number ABB and a smaller year-date,
with its help you can find the cache in a hollow of a large tree on
the resolved coordinates as above.
Recommendation: do not follow the direction straight from
the water-station (terrain 4), better return to the parking and
then use the access with terrain 2 directly to the cache.
Warning: you dare not stop the car close to the
water-station, there is a parking
near-by.