EN
Comarnic Cave
In 1947, the Romanian Academy declared Comarnic Cave as a natural reservation. In 1994, the County Council (of Caras-Severin) reconfirmed the state of this natural reservation through law HCJ nr 8/20.12.1994. Finally in the year 2000, under the law 5/2000-Section III, Comarnic was included in the "Protected Natural Zones of National Interest."
The Comarnic Cave is one of the largest cavities in the Banat region, with a total length of 6,201 meters, a depth of 101 meters and a width of 1,081 meters. The galleries lie on 3 different levels: inactive (or fossil), temporarily active (or sub-fossil) and active. There are seven entrances: six of them being located at the inlet and the seventh at the outlet. The complexity of the underground system is significantly outlined by several parameters: development index - 5,74, verticality index - 4,74, extension index - 13,9. Being a complex cavity, of large dimensions, there are represented almost all types of underground formations and morphologies: erosion formations (flowing levels, meanders, laterally extended riverbeds, pillars, steps, erosion made pools, polished floors), corrosion morphologies (corrosion cells, rugged walls, enlarged riverbeds, sharp steps, hieroglyphs, floor and ceiling corrosion remnants, spoons, confluence halls, corrosion cupolas), breakdown morphologies (breakdown cupolas, structural ceilings, tectonic walls, tectonic friction mirrors), chemical precipitation formations (stalactites, stalagmites, columns, walls and floor flowstones and crusts, draperies, floating crystals, pearls, domes, flowstone dams, anemolithes), accumulation and sedimentation formations (blocks accumulation, isolated blocks, detritus fans, drying cracks and crusts, sand and clay deposits, alluvia, alluvial tracts).
The Comarnic Cave was formed mainly along a system of tensional and accompanying fissures. The great majority (95%) of the cave galleries develop into the so-called Upper Plopa limestone, Oxfordian - Kimmeridgian in age (Upper Jurassic), stratified, with well developed siliceous levels. The rest develop into the compact limestone of Anina Valley, Barremian - Aptian in age (Lower Cretaceous).
From a hydrogeologic standpoint, the Comarnic Cave is a binary system, which means two components. The non-karstic component is represented by the Ponicova Creek which drains his waters from impervious terrains. The karst component is represented by the cave himself. Ponicova Creek lose his waters at the contact with the limestone where the upstream entrances of the cave are located. The underground stream passes the limestone bar forming the active level of the cave. The waters go out through a non-penetrable karstic spring, reaching the Comarnic River afterwards. The flow rate of the Ponicova Creek varies between a minimum of 5 liters/second and a maximum of 475 liters/second with an average of 66.4 liters/second. Into the cave the flow has a permanent character in the active level and a temporarily flow character in the temporary active level (or sub-fossil). Rarely, the inactive level (or fossil) can be flooded (ex. the flood in 1997).
The cave's climate is characterized by a one-direction type air flow with a temperature that ranges between 3.4 and 9.8 0C. The water temperature ranges between 2.7 and 9.2 0C and the soil temperature between 0.2 and 9.4 0C, the minima corresponding to the perturbation zone (near the entrances) and the maxima to the stability zone (or profound zone). Relative humidity ranges between 75% and 100%, being related to the hydrogeologic functioning of the system and to the rainfall rate.
Fauna in the Comarnic Cave is represented by 123 terrestrial species (5 of which are bat species) from 24 families and 4 aquatic species. These species can be found throughout the cave, but mainly in the active and temporary active (sub-fossil) galleries or near the seven entrances.
1. Answer following questions and send me answers via Geocaching profile:
a) What is the total lenght of the cave?
b) How many entries have?
c) The flow rate of the Ponicova Creek ?
d) The water temperature ?
e) How many bat species live there?
2. Add a picture with you and your gps in front of the cave entrance.
Access
From Resita N45 16.766 E21 56.667
DJ 582C ( forest road ), Resita ( canton Minda ) - Capu Baci - Canton Padina Seaca - Comarnic, lenght 14,0 km.
From Anina N45 06.307 E21 51.727
DJ 582C ( forest road ), Anina ( new city ) - Saua Cuptoare, Canton Jervani, Canton Navesul Mare - Comarnic, length 18,0 km.
From Valiug N45 12.806 E22 01.656
Coutry road DJ 582D, country road DC 96 and forest road - Valiug - Crivaia - Vila Klaus - Canton Barzavita - Canton Navesu Mare - Comarnic, lenght 18,0 km.
RO
Istoric
Pestera a fost descoperita in 1856, autorul descoperiri fiind necunoscut.
Prima mentiune despre pestera Comarnic dateaza de la sfarsitul secolului XIX, respectiv 1893, cand a fost efectuat primul Studiu geografic al Cheilor Carasului de catre Telegdi Roth Lajos.
E. Bokor ( 1921 ) si Rene Jeannel ( 1929 ) fac primele investigatii faunistice.
Intre anii 1933 si 1939 este studiata temeinic de catre Ernö Balogh, punandu - se accentul pe mineralogie si paleontologie.
Planul galeriilor ridicat de acest autor a stat multa vreme la baza diverselor publicatii stiintifice si turistice, planul detaliat fiind ridicat cu teodolitul de Asociatia Speologica Exploratorii.
In 1947 este declarata rezervatie naturala de catre Academia Romana.
In 1961, Lazar Botosaneanu, Alexandrina Negrea si Stefan Negrea efectueaza cercetari faunistice extinse, continuate de Vasile Sencu, iar in perioada 1965-1969, Alexandrina Negrea si Stefan Negrea studiaza biocenozele cavrnicole.
Din 1976 Asociatia Speologica Exploratorii sa ocupat de protectia Pesterii Comarnic prin actuni de intretinere, paza, amenajare si restaurare.
Cercetarile faunistice sunt continuate in prezent de drd. Victoria Ilie de la Insitutul Roman de Speologie Emil Racovita - Bucuresti.
Date morfometrice
Dezvoltare : 6201,5 m
Denivelare : 101,0 m ( pozitiva 0,0 m ; negativa 101,0 m )
Extensie : 1081,0 m
Morfologie
Numar intrari 7
Numar total etaje - 3, din care :
> 1 etaj activ
> 1 etaj subfosil
> 1 etaj fosil
Tip retea - dendritica
Tipologie gol - pestera de mari dimensiuni
Forme de eroziune
Nivele de curgere, nivele de meandru, albii extinse lateral, pilieri, saritori, marmite, praguri, podele lustruite.
Forme de coroziune
Alveole, pereti rugosi, muchii taioase, albii largite, hieroglife, septe de podea, lingurite, sali de confluenta, cupole de coroziune, septe de tavan, pereti valuriti.
Forme de desprindere
Cupole de prabusire, tvane plane structurale, plane de litoclaze, oglinzi de frictiune.
Forme de precipitatie chimica
Stalactite, stalacmite, coloane, cruste parietale, cruste de planseu, valuri,
cristale flotante, perle, domuri, gururi, anemolite.
Forme de acumulare si sedimentare
Acumulari de blocuri, blocuri izolate, conuri de grohotis, cruste descuamte,
depozite de nisip si argile, aluviuni, trasee aluvionare.
Petrografie
Roca 1
Calcare de valea Aninei > Varsta - Br + Ap
Roca 2
Calcare de plopa superioare > Varsta - Ox + Km1
Structural - Calcar compact ; Calcar stratificat
Tectonic - Pe directia litoclazei - Pe directia litoclazei
Hidrologie
Tip hidrologic - activ
Sistem carstic - binar
Tipologia retelei - complexa
Debit maxim : 475 ( l / s )
Debit minim : 5 ( l / s )
Debit mediu : 66,4 ( l / s )
Climatologie
Temperatura apa : 8,6 ºC
Temperatura aer : 9 ºC
Umiditate - UR : 85%
Ventilatie - unidirectional
Fauna terestra
Au fost identificate 91 specii din familiile :
Gasteropode, Opilionide, Araneide, Acarieni, Diplopoda, Plecoptera, Efemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, Oligochete, Pseudoscorpioni, Isopode, Chilopoda, Colembola, Diplura, Sciaride, Coleoptera.
Fauna acvatica
Au fost identificate 3 specii din familiile : Amfipode, Colembole.
Pentru mai multe detalii va vom pune la dispozitie in viitorul cat mai apropiat
Planul de Management al Pesterii Comarnic.
Acces
Din Resita N45 16.766 E21 56.667
DJ 582C ( Drum forestier ), Resita ( canton Minda ) - Capu Baci - Canton Padina Seaca - Comarnic, lungime 14,0 km.
Din Anina N45 06.307 E21 51.727
DJ 582C ( Drum forestier ), Anina ( Orasul Nou ) - Saua Cuptoare, Canton Jervani, Canton Navesul Mare - Comarnic, lungime 18,0 kilometrii.
Din Valiug N45 12.806 E22 01.656
Drum judetean DJ 582D, comunal DC 96 si forestier - Valiug - Crivaia - Vila Klaus - Canton Barzavita - Canton Navesu Mare - Comarnic, lungime 18,0 kilometrii.
1. Raspundeti la urmatoarle intrebari via Geocaching profile:
a) Care este lungimea totala a pesterii ?
b) Cate intrari are ?
c) Care este debitul minim dar maxim al raului Ponicova ?
d) Care este temperatura apei ?
e) Cate specii de lilieci traiesc inauntru ?
2.Faceti o poza cu gpsul in mana, la inrarea in pestera.