Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (d. 28 Mayıs 1925; İstanbul – ö. 5 Kasım 2006; Ankara), Türk gazeteci, şair, yazar, siyasetçi ve Türkiye eski başbakanı.
1974 ile 2002 yılları arasında beş kez Türkiye başbakanlığı yapan Bülent Ecevit, düşünceleri ve uygulamalarıyla, 20. yüzyıl Türk siyasal yaşamının en önemli isimlerden biri olmuştur.
1972 ile 1980 arasında Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Genel Başkanlığında, 1987 ile 2004 arasında da Demokratik Sol Parti Genel Başkanlığında bulunmuştur. 1961 ile 1965 arasında VIII., IX. ve X. İsmet İnönü hükümetlerinde Çalışma Bakanı olarak yer almıştır.
Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nde 11. ve 12. Dönem Ankara, 13., 14., 15., 16. ve 19. Dönem Zonguldak, 20. ve 21. Dönem İstanbulmilletvekili olarak görev yapmış olan Ecevit, 1961'de Kurucu Meclis Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Temsilciliği (6 Ocak 1961-25 Ekim 1961) yapmıştır.[1]
2000 yılındaki cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinde üniversite mezunu olmaması nedeniyle Cumhurbaşkanlığı'na aday olamamış, koalisyon partilerinin bu hükmü değiştirme teklifini ve kendisine cumhurbaşkanlığı teklifi getirmesini ise teşekkür ederek reddetmiştir.
Gençliği ve eğitimi
Bülent Ecevit, 28 Mayıs 1925 tarihinde İstanbul'da doğdu. Mustafa ismi, Huzur-u Hümayun hocalarından dedesi Kürdizade Mustafa Şükrü Efendi'den kaynaklanmaktadır.[2][3][4][5] [6]. Babası Kastamonu doğumlu Fahri Ecevit Ankara Hukuk Fakültesi'nde adli tıpprofesörüydü. (5 Mayıs 1951 tarihli Bülent Ecevit'in AÜ DTCF öğrenci kimlik cüzdanındaki nüfus cüzdan suretine göre baba adı Mehmet Fahrettin, gene 15 Ocak 1945 tarihli AÜ DTCF talebe hüviyet cüzdanındaki nüfus cüzdan suretine göre baba adı Fahrettin, öte yandan babasının 31 Ekim 1951 tarihli Yeni Sabah gazetesindeki ölüm ilanında Prof. Dr. Fahri Ecevit, ayrıca kullandığı kartvizitte Pr. Dr. Fahri Ecevit) Fahri Ecevit daha sonra siyasete girerek 1943-1950 yılları arasında CHP'den Kastamonu milletvekilliği yaptı.İstanbul doğumlu olan annesi Fatma Nazlı ise ressamdı.
Bülent Ecevit 1944 yılında Robert Koleji'nden mezun oldu ve aynı yıl içinde çalışma hayatına Basın Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü'nde çevirmenlik yaparak başladı. 1946 yılında okul arkadaşı Rahşan (Aral) Ecevit ile hayatını birleştirdi. Önce Ankara Hukuk Fakültesisonra da Dil Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi İngiliz Filolojisi bölümüne kayıt yaptırmasına rağmen yüksek öğrenimine devam etmedi. 1946-1950 yılları arasında Londra Elçiliğinin Basın Ataşeliği'nde kâtip olarak çalıştı. 1950 yılında Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi'nin yayın organı olan Ulus Gazetesi'nde çalışmaya başladı. 1951-52'de yedeksubay olarak askerliğini yaptıktan sonra yeniden gazeteye döndü. Ulus Gazetesi Demokrat Parti tarafından kapatılınca Yeni Ulus ve Halkçı gazetelerinde yazar ve yazı işleri müdürü olarak görev yaptı. 1955 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Kuzey Karolina eyaletinin Winston-Salem kentinde, The Journal and Sentinel'de konuk gazeteci olarak çalıştı. 1957'de Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship Bursu ile yeniden ABD'ye gitti, Harvard Üniversitesi'nde sekiz ay sosyal psikoloji ve Orta Doğu tarihi üzerine incelemeler yaptı. Bu sırada Ecevit'in sürekli "Hocam" diye bahsettiği Henry A. Kissinger Harvard Üniversitesi rektörü idi. Harvard'da 1957 yılında, 1950-1960 arasında verilen antikomünizm seminerlerine sürekli Olof Palme,Bertrand Russell gibi kişilerle katıldı.
1950’lerde Forum Dergisi’nin yazı işleri kadrosunda yer aldı. 1965’te Milliyet Gazetesi’nde günlük yazılar yazdı. 1972’de aylık Özgür İnsan, 1981’de haftalık Arayış, 1988’de aylık Güvercin dergilerini çıkarttı.
Mustafa Bülent Ecevit (Turkish: [byˈlænt edʒeˈvit]; 28 May 1925 – 5 November 2006) was a Turkish politician, poet, writer, scholar, and journalist, who was the leader of Republican People's Party (CHP), later of the Democratic Left Party (DSP) and five-time Prime Minister of Turkey.
Personal life
Born in Istanbul to a middle-class family, Ecevit's father was Sayat Caglicubukcu Ecevit who was born in Kastamonu and was a professor of Turkish History at Ankara University. Later Sayat started his political life as CHP's Kastamonu deputy between 1943 and 1950. His mother, Fatma Nazlı, was born in Istanbul and was among the first women in Turkey to paint professionally.[1] In 1944, Ecevit graduated from Robert College in Istanbul and started working as a translator at the General Directorate for Press and Publication (Basın Yayın Genel Müdürlüğü). In 1946, shortly after marrying his classmate Rahşan Aral in 1946, he moved to London to work for Turkey's press attaché. During his stay in London, he studied Bengali, Sanskrit and Art History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, but did not graduate.[2] He later went to the United States in the mid–1950s on a State Department fellowship, and worked at two newspapers in North Carolina.[3][4]Ecevit said "Maybe I could have a Kurdish ancestry."[5][6]
Political life
Ecevit was elected into the Turkish parliament for the first time in 1957. He was a Member of the Parliament between 1960 and 1961 during the 26th, 27th and 28th governments. Ecevit served as the Minister of Labour between 1961 and 1965, contributing to the acceptance of the right to strike and collective agreement. In 1966 he became the secretary general of theRepublican People's Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP). In 1971 he resigned from the post as a protest to the party decision to support the transitional government established by a military intervention.
In 1972, he succeeded İsmet İnönü as the leader of the party and became Prime Minister in a coalition with the National Salvation Party of Necmettin Erbakan.(37th government of Turkey) This government is known for ordering the Turkish invasion of Cyprus on 20 July 1974.
Bülent Ecevit recalls that he learned for the first time of the existence of Operation Gladio, a secret "stay-behind" NATO army, in 1974, and has suspected "Counter-Guerrilla", the Turkish branch of Gladio, of being responsible for 1 May 1977 Taksim Square massacre in Istanbul, during which snipers shot on a protest rally of 500,000 citizens, killing 38 and injuring hundreds. CHP defeated AP at the 1977 general elections by gathering 41% of the votes. This victory was just after the events of 1 May and the victory of CHP was seen as the answer of the left wing of Turkish politics. But with 213 seats out of 450 Ecevit couldn't receive the vote of confidence (See 40th government of Turkey). In 1978 Ecevit formed his third government (42nd government of Turkey) But after a defeat in by- elections in 1979, he resigned.
Following the 1980 coup led by General Kenan Evren, Ecevit was incarcerated and suspended from active politics for life along with the other political leaders of the time. A referendum in 1987 lifted his ban from politics, and he became the chairman of theDemocratic Left Party (Turkish: Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP), inheriting the position from his wife, Rahşan Ecevit. His party failed to enter the National Assembly at the 1987 national elections, and in spite of passing the electoral barrier in 1991 managed to win only 7 seats in parliament. DSP's fortunes changed after the 1995 elections, when the party won 75 seats (out of 550). After two short-lived governments (formed by Mesut Yılmaz and Necmettin Erbakan, respectively), Ecevit became a deputy prime minister in the last government of Mesut Yılmaz. In 1998–99 he was briefly the caretaker Prime Minister in the run-up to the 1999 general elections (56th government of Turkey). In those elections – also helped by the fact that Abdullah Öcalan, head of the separatist (PKK) was apprehended in Kenya and flown to Turkey during this period – Ecevit's party gained the largest number of seats, leading to Ecevit's final term as Prime Minister in a coalition with the Motherland Party (Turkish: Anavatan Partisi, ANAP) of Mesut Yılmaz and theNationalist Movement Party (Turkish: Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi, MHP) of Devlet Bahçeli.
Ecevit's government undertook a number of reforms aimed at stabilizing the Turkish economy in preparation for accession negotiations with the European Union. However, the short-term economic pain brought on by the reforms caused rifts within his coalition and party, and eventually forced new elections in 2002. Ecevit, at this time visibly frail, was unsuccessful in leading his party back into the National Assembly. Ecevit subsequently retired from active politics in 2004.
Bülent Ecevit was not only a politician but also a poet and a writer. He translated works by Rabindranath Tagore, T. S. Eliot, and Bernard Lewis into Turkish. He also translated the great ancient Sanskrit poem, Bhagvad Gita, into Turkish language (see, e.g., this article). Ecevit, who also studied at the American Robert College, one of the most prestigious high schools in Istanbul, was successful in these literary endeavors despite never having graduated from a university, a fact that also prevented him from ever running for the Presidency of the Turkish Republic.
Ecevit's tomb at the State Cemetery in Ankara, Turkey.
Ecevit was hospitalized at the Gülhane Military Hospital in Ankara and placed in a medically induced coma after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage on 18 May 2006.[7] He died on 5 November 2006, at 20:40 (UTC) due to respiratory failure without regaining consciousness. He was buried in the Turkish State Cemetery (Turkish: Devlet Mezarlığı) in Ankara with a state funeral on 11 November 2006. The funeral was attended by approximately 1,000,000 people from all 81 provinces.
The cache is behind the battery recycle box shown in the spoiler picture.Kutu spoiler resimde görünen atık pil kutusunun arkasında.