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Crown Hill Kame EarthCache

Hidden : 5/12/2014
Difficulty:
1.5 out of 5
Terrain:
1 out of 5

Size: Size:   other (other)

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Geocache Description:


The Indianapolis skyline is best seen from the summit of Crown Hill. Crown Hill is a kame—a mound of sand and gravel.

A kame is a geomorphological feature, an irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sand, gravel and till that accumulates in a depression on a retreating glacier, and is then deposited on the land surface with further melting of the glacier. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography.

Kettle Holes are formed by blocks of ice that are seperated from the main glacier by either the glacial ice retreating or by blocks calving off the glacier snout and falling forwards. If conditions are right, the isolated blocks of ice then become partially buried in meltwater sediments. When the ice blocks eventually melt they leave behind holes or depressions that fill with water to become Kettle Hole Lakes. In freshly glaciated areas, Kettles form obvious small lakes in the outwash plains. In areas glaciated in historic times they may be preserved as isolated small lakes, or deep water filled depressions in boggy areas that were once the low lying outwash plains.

With the melting of the glacier, streams carry sediment to glacial lakes, building kame deltas on top of the ice. However, with the continuous melting of the glacier, the kame delta eventually collapses on to the land surface, furthering the "kame and kettle" topography.

Marion County has unconsolidated deposits within about 30 to 50 ft of the surface, are mostly the product of the late Wisconsin glaciers. At many places, however, the late Wisconsin deposits comprise a relatively thin layer that covers a thick series of deposits from earlier ice advances, the oldest of which may approach one million years in age. Marion County lay near the southern end of ice sheets throughout the Pleistocene, a position that helped protect older deposits from erosion during younger ice advances and contributed to the preservation of a fairly robust, though complex and locally incomplete, record of glacial events. The total thickness of unconsolidated deposits in the county is commonly between 100 and 200 ft , and locally exceeds 300 ft  in Lawrence and Franklin Townships, where a thick sequence of ancient pre-Illinoian deposits is preserved in a series of deep bedrock valleys and lowlands. In contrast, the glacial deposits are extremely thin in parts of Decatur Township, where large bedrock hills associated with the buried northern extension of the Knobstone Escarpment obstructed ice flow and stand within a few feet of the modern land surface. These examples demonstrate the close relationship between the thickness of glacial deposits and the underlying bedrock topography. Certain kinds of glacial deposits, such as end moraines and kames, are associated with elevated, irregular topography. Crown Hill is a good examples, where glacial action has produced conspicuous topographic high points underlain by very thick glacial deposits. On the other hand, erosion by streams both during and after glaciation has produced low-lying valleys, below which the glacial deposits are generally thinner than beneath adjacent uplands.

 

Questions to answer:

1. How tall is this kame?

2. Estimate the volume of sand and gravel in the kame

 3. Do you see any other Kame or Kettles from here? Why do you think there is only this one?

4. What body of water can be seen from here? How did glaciers play a part in its formation ?

Info soucres:

Wikipedia

Indiana Geological Survey

Additional Hints (No hints available.)