Prvi pisani trag o postojanju redovničke zajednice i crkve posvećene Majci Božjoj potječe iz 1288. Sagrađena je na mjestu koje prije nije bilo naseljeno, te su se ondje okupljali pustinjaci (eremiti, odatle ime Remete). Svetištem su upravljali pavlini. U 16. st. svetište su poharali Turci koji su preostale pavline odveli i ubili u Vugrovcu. Crkva je kasnije obnovljena i služila je od 1812. kao župna crkva za naselja sjeverno od Zagreba. 1880. je crkvu poharao Veliki potres, te je obnovljena pod nadzorom Hermanna Bolléa 1882., većim dijelom zahvaljujući sredstvima koje je osigurao, kao patron župe, nadbiskup Josip Mihalović. Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata od 1963. svetištem upravljaju karmelićani.
U crkvi postoje freske pavlinskog slikara Ivana Rangera koje su nažalost većim dijelom nastradale u potresu 1880. Prije potresa je crkva bila tako oslikana da je nazvana "hrvatska Sikstinska kapela".
The church was built as Pauline monastery church in the fourteenth century, and it was decorated in Gothic style. During seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the church was significantly renovated in Baroque style, and from the beginning of the nineteenth century it became a parish church. Earthquake that struck Zagreb on 9th November 1880 heavily damaged this object. Restoration was carried out according the plans of architect Herman Bolné. Its baroque front was repaired, and baroque choir with the fresco paintings of Ivan Ragner was restored to its previous condition together with the altar. However, baroque chapel of St. Maximilian was demolished and on the side walls Bollé had restored old Gothic windows. Moreover, in the sanctuary Bollé erected new cross vault, and the central nave got new wooden celling which was now partly painted. Restorations of the church in the twentieth century removed a part of the Bollé’s additions. Moreover, some of the Ranger’s fresco paintings, which had been covered by Bolle’s work, now were restored – mainly in the sanctuary and the central nave.Because of Ranger´s fresco paintings the church was called „Croatian Sixteen Chapel“