Istočni obale Balkanskog poluostrva, gdje je zemljište umače, često strmo, u vodama Jadranskog mora je spektakularno i dramatično. Strme litice i paralelne brazde su rezultat tektonskih kretanja miliona godina ranije koje su gurnuti nekada horizontalni slojevi gore da formiraju strme uglova i nazubljenim grebenima.
Tokom pokreta zemlje Alpine koji se dogodio prije 50-100000000 godina, ogromna bočnih pritisaka oduzet i potiskivane stijena u velikom luku oko starog kruti blok na sjeveroistoku. Ovaj stvorio potisak greške, gdje jedna ploča subducts dok je nabio drugi gore.
The eastern coastline of the Balkan Peninsula, where the land dips, often steeply, into the waters of the Adriatic sea is spectacular and dramatic. The steep cliffs and parallel ridges are the result of tectonic movements millions of years ago that have thrust the once horizontal strata upwards to form steep angles and jagged ridges.
During the Alpine earth movements that occurred 50–100 million years ago, immense lateral pressures folded and overthrust the rocks in a great arc around the old rigid block to the northeast. This created thrust faults where one plate subducts while thrusting the other upwards.
Stratigraphy
Stratigrafija je studija stratifikacije - u osnovi proučavanje slojeva stijena i slojeva. To se prvenstveno koristi u studiji sedimentnih i slojevite vulkanskih stijena. Stratigrafija je u suštini izmislio i prvi rigorozno primjenjuje William Smith u Engleskoj u 1790. i početkom 1800-ih.
Proces raslojavanja slijedi nekoliko osnovnih zakona:
1. Sedimenti su prvobitno utvrđeni u horizontalnom kreveta.
2. U nesmetan sedimentne sekvencu (niz slojeva) svaki sloj je mlađi od sloja ispod.
3. Slojevita stijena su depositied u stalnom kontaktu.
Stratigraphy is the study of stratification - basically the study of rock layers and layering. It is primarily used in the study of sedimentary and layered volcanic rocks. Stratigraphy was essentially invented and first rigorously applied by William Smith in England in the 1790s and early 1800s.
The process of stratification follows a few fundamental laws:
1. Sediments are originally laid down in horizontal beds.
2. In an undisturbed sedimentary sequence (series of layers) each layer is younger than the layer below.
3. Layered rocks are depositied in continuous contact.
Dip & Strike
Vremenom i zbog masivne snage, obično vulkanska i tektonska u prirodi, slojevima može postati poremećena i deformisani. Gdje slojeva je deformisan ali je i dalje u velikoj mjeri netaknuta, ovi procesi su obično postepeno i ne iznenadne u prirodi.
Dva osnovna svojstva stratifikacije, koji se lako mogu posmatrati i mjeriti pomoću jednostavnih aparata, kako bi se mjeriti deformacije stijene slojeva, su dip i štrajk stijene slojeva na lokaciji.
Strike se može opisati kao linija presjeka između slojeva, ili sloj, i imaginery horizontalnoj ravni da reže kroz njega. To bi bilo isto kao pravac bi uzeti ako je sloj bio izložen i da si za prolazak preko njega, ostatak na istoj visini. Štrajk se obično predstavljeni u stupnjevima od True North, izražena kao niži od dva ležajeva da bi to opisati.
Dip se može opisati kao ugao nagiba slojeva gdje je pravac DIP je upravo okomit (90 stupnjeva offset) u odnosu na pravac štrajk. Ako je sloj bio nagib ste stajali na, ovo bi bio kut nagiba pokazuje direktno nizbrdo od vas.
Over time and due to massive forces, usually volcanic or tectonic in nature, layers can become disrupted and deformed. Where the strata has deformed but remains largely intact, these processes are usually gradual and not sudden in nature.
Two fundamental properties of stratification, that can be easily observed and measured using simple apparatus, in order to measure the deformation of the rock strata, are the dip and strike of the rock strata at a location.
Strike can be described as the line of intersection between the strata, or layer, and an imaginery horizontal plane that cuts through it.
This would be the same as the direction you would take if the layer was exposed and you were to traverse across it, remaining at the same elevation. The strike is usually represented in degrees from true north, expressed as the lower of the two bearings that would describe it.
Dip can be described as the angle of the slope of the strata where the dip direction is exactly perpendicular (90 degrees offset) to the strike direction. If the layer was a slope you were standing on, this would be the angle of the slope pointing directly downhill from you.
This Earthcache
This is an earthcache and like any earthcache, the purpose of it is to provide a geological lesson at the site you are visiting. This is not an armchair cache and you must visit the site and answer the questions below in order to claim you have 'found it'.
Before claiming your find, you must submit your answers for the questions below to the owner of this earthcache, by clicking on the link to the owner's profile at the top of the page, and sending the owner an email.
When emailing your answers, don't forget to include the name of this earthcache, and choose the option to include your email address so that we can reply to you. Do not include answers in your log on the cache page.
After you have emailed your answers, you can go ahead and log your find. Any problems with your answers, and we'll get back to you.
1. Na objavljeni koordinate, i gledajući izložene rock slojeva u ispred vas, navedite sljedeće:
a. Štrajk pravac (koristite kompas na GPS uređaj).
b. Ugao dip od horizontalne (možete snimiti fotografiju i mjeriti u odnosu na horizont na računaru kasnije).
c. Tipičan / prosječna debljina slojeva u stijeni (koristi vladar, ili stavke poznatih veličine ili da možete mjeriti kasnije).
2. Please opisati:
a. U slojeva, tekstura i boja slojeva stijena.
b. Boja i tekstura velikog izložene sloj na vrhu.
3. Snimite fotografiju sebe sa svojim GPS i uploadati ga sa svojim "pronađeno dnevnik '. Navedite GPS uređaj u ovu sliku ako možeš.
1. At the published coordinates, and looking at the exposed rock strata in front of you, please provide the following:
a. The strike direction (use the compass on your GPS device).
b. The dip angle from horizontal (you can take a photo and measure against the horizon on your computer later).
c. The typical/average thickness of the layers in the rock (use a ruler, or an item of known size or that you can measure later).
2.Please describe:
a. The layering, texture and colour of the rock layers.
b. The colour and texture of the large exposed layer at the top.
3. Take a photo of yourself with your GPS and upload it with your 'found log'. Please include your GPS unit in this photo if you can.
Please note, this is an easy earthcache to complete if you visit the site, and we will therefore reserve the right to delete logs if answers are incomplete, wildly incorrect, or not provided at all.
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