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- [REQUIRED] Please post a photo in your log of yourself or a personal item with the plaque for Canada's First Geocache in the background. (Waypoint included in this cache.)
- At the coordinates, how many drumlin islands do you see?
- Based on the shape and lines of the islands, in which direction was the glacier probably moving?
Bedrock in Mahone Bay is characterized by four major rock groups, ranging in age from Cambrian to Carboniferous.
- The Cambrian to Ordovician Halifax Group is slate and greywacke and overlies the Goldenville Greywacke Group. These rocks are common southwest of Mahone Bay, underlying Big Tancook Island, Little Tancook Island, Flat Island, Heckmans Island and the Racket Islands.
- The Halifax Formation slates have fold axes azimuths that are predominately northeast to southwest.
- Devonian to Carboniferous intrusive South Mountain monzogranites also make up a significant portion of the bedrock in Mahone Bay. The dominant granite type is the Sandy Lake Monzogranite. This unit is the oldest exposed granite of South Mountain Batholith.
- The Carboniferous Windsor Group is dominantly an arkosic red shale that is interbedded with limestone in the study region. This formation sporadically borders Mahone Bay.
The Mahone Bay coastline is dominated by glacial erosional and depositional features. The three most common glacially deposited features that are present in this area are:
- drumlins
- moraines
- glacial plain deposits
The islands found in Mahone Bay can be categorized into two groups:
- the outer sill islands
- the inner drumlin islands
The outer sill islands differ from the inner islands in that they are more resistant to erosion as they consist of a core of Meguma Group slate which has much higher internal strength relative to the unconsolidated glacial deposits that form the core of the inner islands. Big Tancook Island, Little Tancook Island, Long Island, East Ironbound Island, Flat Island and Heckmans Island are all considered as outer sill islands. These islands also differ from the inner islands in that their long axis is often controlled by underlying bedrock.
The drumlin field in Mahone Bay is the most easterly extent of the Lunenburg Drumlin Field, and is one of the most expansive in Nova Scotia.
Drumlins in the Mahone Bay area are primarily composed of the Lawrencetown Till and the Hartlen Till. The Hartlen Till is a gray, matrix supported, indurate till which underlies the Lawrencetown Till.
General description of Drumlins:
Definition: An elongate hill, streamlined in the direction of ice flow and composed largely of glacial deposits
Generally, each drumlin is a small hill, tending towards an egg shape, with its steepest slopes and summit at the up-ice end. Drumlins rarely occur singly, however, and are found in groups or swarms, with the tapered end of each hill pointing in the direction of glacier flow. Together the drumlins give a streamlined, undulating terrain which has been termed basket of eggs topography. Drumlin swarms occur within major end moraine systems and so the drumlin is a subglacial feature.
Drumlins vary widely in shape. The elongation may relate to the speed and duration of glacier flow and the resistance to deformation of the sediment at the core of the drumlin.
Drumlins have been traditionally regarded as landform formed entirely in till which has been shaped by moving ice. Drumlins and crag and tails represent a continuum of forms. The drumlins align with the direction of flow of the last ice sheet.
Information in this earthcache has been gathered from:
1. AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EROSION OF DRUMLIN ISLANDS IN MAHONE BAY, NOVA SCOTIA, by Joshua Ryan Caines
2. Drumlins web page on the Landforms web site. http://www.landforms.eu/Lothian/drumlin.htm