Arthurton
The town of Arthurton, in the centre of Yorke Peninsula, is a small rural community and service town situated about 18 kms north of Maitland. The settlement was originally known as Kalkabury, however in 1877 the Governor, Sir Arthur Musgrave, renamed the town Arthurton after his infant son.
Arthurton was probably intended as a large regional centre, if the number of blocks and open spaces originally surveyed are taken into account. However drought and unreliable water supply throughout the years have affected regional agricultural activity, and the negative economic consequences of this influenced the town's eventual size.
Despite this, Arthurton has served as a centre for local pastoralists, in times past offering a post office, dressmaker, bakery, butchers, blacksmiths, sporting clubs, churches and a hall for social occasions.
It was just north of the town of Arthurton that the Smith brothers designed and built their prototype of the stump jump plough. This agricultural machine revolutionised the cultivation of land that contained tree stumps and large stones, as the mechanism could 'jump' over such obstacles.
The stump jump plough is recognised as one of the most important agricultural inventions of the 19th century. It was invented in South Australia by the Richard and Clarence Smith of Kalkabury on the Yorke Peninsula. The area around Kalkabury (now Arthurton), where Richard was a farmer, and many other parts of South Australia are covered with Mallee eucalyptus trees that have stubborn stumps at, or just below, ground level that make clearing the land difficult. In 1876, after breaking a bolt on their plough and finding that it rode over a stump rather than getting stuck behind it, Richard and Clarence tinkered with the idea and came up with the design for the stump jump plough. In 1877 the machine won first prize at the Moonta show. Clarence began commercial production of the stump jump plough in 1880 with credit from GP Harris, Scarfe and Company. Richard was awarded ₤500 and a square mile of land at Ardrossan for the invention in 1884.
The stump jump plough eliminated the time consuming task of clearing land filled with stumps and stones and allowed mallee land in South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales, previously thought to be too difficult to work, to be cultivated.