INGLÉS ABAJO / ENGLISH BELOW
El básquetbol, basquetbol o baloncesto (del inglés basketball; de basket, 'canasta', y ball, 'pelota'), es un deporte de equipo, jugado entre dos conjuntos de cinco jugadores cada uno durante cuatro períodos o cuartos de diez o doce minutos cada uno. El objetivo del equipo es de anotar puntos introduciendo un balón por la canasta, un aro a 3,05 metros sobre la superficie de la pista de juego del que cuelga una red. La puntuación por cada canasta o cesta es de dos o tres puntos, dependiendo de la posición desde la que se efectúa el tiro a canasta, o de uno, si se trata de un tiro libre por una falta de un jugador contrario. El equipo ganador es el que obtiene el mayor número de puntos.
El contacto con la pelota se realiza con las manos. Los jugadores no pueden trasladarse sujetando la pelota, sino botándola contra el suelo. El equipo en posesión del balón o atacante, intenta anotar puntos mediante tiros, entradas a canasta o mates, mientras que el equipo defensor busca impedirlo robando la pelota o efectuando tapones. Cuando un tiro a canasta fracasa, los jugadores de ambos equipos intentan atrapar el rebote.
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Basketball is a non-contact sport played on a rectangular court. While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches (46 cm) in diameter and 10 feet (3.048 m) high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, who would be the first basketball coach of the Kansas Jayhawks, one of the most successful programs in the game's history.
A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls. The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling). It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.
The game has many individual techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking, and rebounding. Basketball teams generally have player positions, the tallest and strongest members of a team are called a center or power forward, while slightly shorter and more agile players are called small forward, and the shortest players or those who possess the best ball handling skills are called a point guard or shooting guard. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coach's game plan, and managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays (player positioning).