SI
Ime mi je Maribor
Prva omemba Maribora
Maribor je v virih prvič omenjen 1164 kot grad Marchpurch (obrambna trdnjava proti Madžarom na hribu Piramida), mesto pa je postal leta 1254. Zaradi ugodne prometne lege se je razmahnila trgovina. Po izgonu Judov 1497 se je gospodarska moč mesta zmanjšala. Krizo je poglabljala konkurenca Ptuja, ki je z Mariborom tekmoval ves srednji vek, zlasti v vinski trgovini. V 18. st. je Maribor dobil gimnazijo in prvi večji manufakturni obrat. V začetku 19. st. so bile ustanovljene živilske tovarne.
Prvi zapis besede Maribor
Marburg, Marbor, Maribor. Tako je šla geneza imena našega mesta ob Dravi. Imena, ki je leta 2016 praznovalo 180 let. Za prvi zapis slovenske verzije velja namreč pismo Stanka Vraza Ljudevitu Gaju 10. novembra 1836, v katerem je preoblikoval nemško ime Marburg v Marbor.
Ime je bilo sestavljeno iz osnovne besede Mar, ki pomeni vnemo, skrbnost in pripone bor (izpeljanko iz nemške besede burg), ki pomeni boj. Pri oblikovanju imena je sledil Nemcem, ki so iz Branibora izpeljali Brandenburg.
Pismo Stanka Vraza Ljudevitu Gaju 10. novembra 1836
Stanko Vraz je napisal 2 pismi 9. in 10. novembra 1836. V obeh je zapisano slovensko ime Maribor in pridevnik mariborski. Original slovenskega pisma Štefanu Kočevarju je izgubljen in ga poznamo samo iz prepisa Ivana Macuna, ga pa stroka šteje za verodostojen prepis. Prvič je bil objavljen 1961 v Slovenski korespondenci Vraz - Kočevar 1833-1838, ki jo je pripravil Ljubomir Andrej Lisac. Seštej obe letnici iz konca prejšnjega stavka in dobiš kodo, včasih gre malo težje odpreti. Original Vrazovega hrvaškega pisma Ljudevitu Gaju hranijo v rokopisni zbirki Nacionalne i sveučilišne knjižnice v Zagrebu, tukaj pa je prepis iz Vrazove korespondence z Ljudevitom Gajem, objavljen 1909 v gradivu za hrvaško literarno zgodovino. Zato štejemo 10. november 1836 za prvo omembo slovenskega imena Maribor.
Prepis pisma Stanka Vraza Štefanu Kočevarju 9. novembra 1836
Uveljavljanje poimenovanja med ljudmi
A slovensko ime se takoj še ni prijelo, zato ima pravzaprav več očetov. To se je zgodilo šele po letu 1861. Potreben je bil namreč nacionalni, prebuditeljski sunek. Takrat so v Mariboru ustanovili Slovansko čitalnico, prvo slovensko društvo v mestu. In tedaj je deželni poslanec Lovro Toman obljubil, da jim bo napisal domoljubno pesem, v kateri zadnja kitica govori takole: »Zato priseže vsak, al‘ mlad al‘ star, da mu za srečo roda zmir je mar, zato si voli rodoljubov zbor za mesto geslo svoje: mar i bor.«. Slovensko geslo mesta je postalo Mar i bor – mar mi je i(in) bor-im se za to mesto.
Lovro Toman: Mar i bor
Slovenski politik je tako z novo zgodbo za imenom v pravem trenutku prebujanja nacionalne zavesti nagovoril dovolj široko množico in kmalu se je začelo tudi v Novicah uporabljati le slovensko ime, nemški Marburg pa je izginil. Besedne igre, ki je podžgala slovensko zavest v boju za slovensko besedo, Nemci sicer niso razumeli. Dokaz je prapor nemškega delavskega pevskega društva iz 1897. leta, v katerem so v nemško besedo Marburg naknadno vrinili i - Mariburg. Te poante v nemškem jeziku seveda ni.
Med 2. svetovno vojno
A boj narodov za ime se tedaj še ni končal. Iz vsakodnevne rabe je bilo slovensko ime namreč še enkrat izvzeto. To je bilo seveda med drugo svetovno vojno, v času ponemčevanja naših krajev. Med letoma 1941 in 1945 so nasploh skušali zradirati slovenski jezik in tako je bilo mesto štiri leta spet Marburg. Marburg v osnovi pomeni poimenovanje gradu na Piramidi, poslovenjeno pa beseda pomeni grad v marki. Prvo poimenovanje Marburg leta 1164 tako ne pomeni mesta Maribor, ker ga še ni bilo.
Po letu 1945 se ime začne pogosto uporabljati.
V Pokrajinskem muzeju hranijo eno izmed 200 majolik iz leta 1863, ki so imele poleg slovenskih simbolov (lipov venec, slovenska trobojnica) tudi slovenski zapis imena Maribor
EN
My name is Maribor
First mention of city Maribor
Maribor is first mentioned in 1164 as the city of Marchpurch (defensive fortress against the Hungarians on the Pyramid hill), and became the city in 1254. Trade was booming due to the favorable traffic position. After the expulsion of Jews in 1497, the economic strength of the city declined. The crisis was deepened by the competition of Ptuj, which competed with Maribor for the entire Middle Ages, especially in wine trade. In the 18th century Maribor got a gymnasium and the first major manufactory plant. In the beginning of the 19th century food factories were established.
The first record of Maribor word
Marburg, Marbor, Maribor. This is the genesis of the name of our city near the Drava. The name Maribor celebrated 180 years in 2016. For the first record of the Slovenian version, the letter of Stanko Vraz to Ljudevit Gaj, was adopted on November 10, 1836, in which he transformed the German name Marburg into Marbor.
The name was composed of the basic word Mar, which means the lure, care and part bor (derived from the German word burg), which means fighting. In shaping the name, he followed the Germans who carried Brandenburg from Branibor.
Letter from Stanko Vraz to Ljudevit Gaj on November 10, 1836
Stanko Vraz wrote two letters on November 9 and 10, 1836. Both of them contain the Slovenian name Maribor and the adjective mariborski. The original Slovene letter to Štefan Kočevar is lost and we know it only from the copy of Ivan Macun, but the profession is considered a credible transcript. It was first published in 1961 in the Slovene correspondence Vraz - Kočevar 1833-1838, prepared by Ljubomir Andrej Lisac. Sum both years from the end of previous sentence and you will get the namber, be precise, sometimes you have to try more times. The original Vraz's Croatian letter to Ljudevit Gaj is stored in the manuscript collection of the National and University Library in Zagreb, and here is a transcript from Vraz's correspondence with Ljudevit Gaj, published in 1909 in the material for Croatian literary history. Therefore, on November 10, 1836, we consider the first mention of the Slovenian name Maribor.
Transcript of document sent from Stanko Vraz to Štefan Kočevar on November 9, 1836
Spreading the name
The Slovenian name has not been in use imediatally, so it actually has more fathers. This happened after 1861. It was a national awakening. At that time, the Slovan Reading House was founded in Maribor, the first Slovene society in the city. And then the provincial memeber Lovro Toman promised to write them a patriotic song, in which the last verse speaks like this: "Zato priseže vsak, al‘ mlad al‘ star, da mu za srečo roda zmir je mar, zato si voli rodoljubov zbor za mesto geslo svoje: mar i bor.". The Slovenian password for the city has become Mar i bor - Mar as "Mar mi je / I do care", i(n) as "and" and bor as "boriti se / fighting for this place".
Lovro Toman: Mar i bor
The Slovenian politician thus addressed a sufficiently wide crowd with a new story for the name at the right moment of awakening the national consciousness, and soon it started to use only the Slovenian name in newspaper Novice, and German name Marburg disappeared. The word games, which fueled Slovenian consciousness in the fight for the Slovene word, Germans did not understand. The proof is a claim from the German workers' singing society from 1897, in which the German Marburg was subsequently inserted into Mariburg.
During the Second World War
But the nation's struggle for the name had not yet ended. From the day-to-day use, the Slovenian name was once again exempted. Of course, this was during World War II, at the time of pondering our places. Between 1941 and 1945, they generally tried to suppress a Slovene language, and thus the city was again Marburg for four years. Marburg basically means the name of the castle on the Pyramid, the word means a castle in the mark. The first name Marburg in 1164 does not represent the city of Maribor is because it was not yet there.
After 1945, the name begins to be used frequently.
In the Provincial Museum, one of the 200 vase from 1863 is kept in possession of a Slovene record of the name Maribor besides the Slovenian symbols (linden wreath, Slovenian tricolor)