臺灣藍鵲（學名：Urocissa caerulea），又稱臺灣暗藍鵲、紅嘴山鵲、長尾山娘（閩南語：Tn̂g-bué Suann-niû）或長尾陣仔，為臺灣特有種鳥類。臺灣從清領時期開始就有文獻紀載臺灣藍鵲的資料。1862年，鳥畫家約翰·古爾德根據英國博物學家郇和寄來的臺灣鳥類標本發表了一篇文章，命名並詳述16種新發現的台灣物種，其中就包含臺灣藍鵲。
臺灣藍鵲主要分布1,500公尺以下的森林裡，除繁殖季外多成群行動，性情兇悍，特徵是兩根長尾羽。牠們的繁殖季在3月至7月，每年生兩窩，每窩大約有3至8顆蛋。國際鳥盟將臺灣藍鵲列為無須採取保育行動的鳥種，而中華民國行政院農業委員會則將臺灣藍鵲列為保育類動物。根據文獻紀載，在清領時期，人們將臺灣藍鵲稱為「長尾山娘」[2]:106。當時的漢人農夫也稱牠為「長尾陣仔」[2]:106。《臺灣通史》中記載其「翠翼朱喙，光彩照人」[3]。1862年，英國博物學家兼英國在臺領事郇和因病回英國倫敦休養，將在臺灣採集的一批標本交給鳥畫家約翰·古爾德[4]:71。古爾德以此發表了一篇文章，命名並詳述16種新發現的台灣物種，其中就包含臺灣藍鵲（學名：Urocissa caerulea）[4]:71[5]。郇和如此描述他發現臺灣藍鵲的經過[4]:380-381：甫抵淡水不久，我僱用的獵人自內地帶回兩根美麗的尾羽，而身軀則因天熱肉易腐壞而被他們先吃了。他們稱呼這種鳥為「Tung-bay Swanniun」（即長尾山娘，臺灣話：tn̂g-bé-suann-niû）。我透過這兩根尾羽的亮藍色羽末端的白點判斷這一定是隻藍鵲屬（學名：Urocissa）的新種。興奮之餘，我重賞徵求標本。（……）標本完全確定了我的假設：這是美麗的新物種[4]:380-381。當初郇和採集的臺灣藍鵲正模標本現收藏在英國倫敦的自然史博物館
座標 Coordination
N24 58.296 E121 32.824
The Taiwan blue magpie[2] (Urocissa caerulea), also called the Taiwan magpie, Formosan blue magpie (Chinese: 臺灣藍鵲; pinyin: Táiwān lán què), or the "long-tailed mountain lady" (Chinese: 長尾山娘; pinyin: Chángwěi shānniáng; Taiwanese Hokkien: Tn̂g-boé soaⁿ-niû), is a species of bird of the crow family. It is endemic to Taiwan.The Taiwan blue magpie was collected by Robert Swinhoe and described by John Gould.[3] Swinhoe called it the "Long-tailed Mountain-Nymph".[4] The species is sometimes placed in the genus Cissa. It forms a superspecies with the yellow-billed blue magpie (Urocissa flavirostris) and the red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythroryncha). The species is monotypic.[5]The Taiwan blue magpie is endemic to Taiwan. It lives in broadleaf forests at elevations of 300–1,200 m (980–3,940 ft).[5] Taiwan blue magpies have attacked humans to defend their nests.[12][14] Taiwan blue magpies are sometimes illegally captured by humans, but the number of cases of this seems to have decreased.[15] In the 2007 National Bird Voting Campaign held by the Taiwan International Birding Association, there were over 1 million votes cast from 53 countries.[16][further explanation needed] The Taiwan blue magpie defeated the Mikado pheasant in the vote, but the vote was not formally accepted. In 2017 China Airlines unveiled a Taiwan blue magpie paint scheme on an Airbus A350. The aircraft was the 100th A350 produced by Airbus.[17] The AIDC XAT-5 Blue Magpie advanced jet trainer is named after the Taiwan blue magpie.[18] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has currently assessed the species to be of least concern as it does not meet the criteria to be vulnerable. The population trend is suspected to be stable.[1] Due to its endemism, however, the Taiwan blue magpie has been listed as other convervation-deserving wildlife (Chinese: 其他應予保育之野生動物)[19] and protected by Taiwan's Wildlife Conservation Act (Chinese: 野生動物保育法). There is a small population of red-billed blue magpies that has been introduced to Wuling Farm in Taichung County (now part of Taichung City). In 2007, three hybrid chicks were found in a nest in Taichung, with red-billed and Taiwan magpie parents tending them. This caused some concern to conservationists, given the decline of the Taiwan hwamei due to the invasion of the Chinese hwamei. However, the Endemic Species Research Institute of Taiwan has been working to control red-billed magpie populations by capturing individual birds and relocating their nests.[20]
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