This is an EarthCache and has special requirements for logging it. You cannot log a Found It without responding to the logging requirements set out below.
Only one find claim per Message. Each Geocacher claiming a find must submit an individual response. One team can not lodge a response on behalf of a group of people.
The Geology
The lithology of a rock unit is a description of its physical characteristics visible at outcrop, in hand or core samples, or with low magnification microscopy. Physical characteristics include colour, texture, grain size, and composition.
Colour
Rocks are different colours because they have minerals. A rock is made with minerals, just like a sandwich can be made of egg and lettuce, or ham and tomato. The colour of the minerals in the rock can turn it brown, red, green or other colours.
Texture
The characteristics of size, shape, and arrangement of the grains or crystals in each rock are known as a rock's texture—coarse-grained, fine-grained, and glassy are all descriptions of a rock's texture.
Grain Size
Grain size is the diameter of individual grains or the lithified particles in rocks, depending upon the type of rock. For example, a sedimentary rock might have individual grains of sand held together by a natural cement. Grains of an igneous rock are individual crystals that have grown as a magma cooled.
Composition
Composition refers to both the types of minerals within a rock and the overall chemical makeup of the rock (the two are obviously related).
What a wonder!
The rock bed you are standing upon at Ground Zero was formed under very deep water - much deeper than areas further to the west of Kempsey were once under water. (referenced here)
The sediment accumulation here occurred in the Early Permian era - about.299–290 million years ago.
Such a long time ago. This was also the period that saw the greatest mass extinction ever, when life on Earth came closer to total annihilation than it has come so far, before or since. The Permian Mass Extinction saw the demise of 90-95 % of marine species. and 70 % of terrestrial families of animals. It was also during the Permian era that Gondwana in the south and Laurasia in the north collided to become one giant landmass, the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea. Have a look at this video for example.
So during the subsequent separation of Pangaea, the area where Kempsey now is was most likely deep under the sea, and the rocks here formed by sedimentation from the land above to the sea floor below.
The Observation
Take a walk of the area surrounding GZ, from the cliff edge (take care!) back towards the roadway where you parked. Now move closer to the cliff edge (take care!) and you should be able to see a view to the north and a view to the south, as shown in these two images lookin out across the river:
The Logging Task
- The rocks here are sedimentary. What does that mean?
- When were these rocks formed?
- What is the texture of the rocks here? a) coarse-grained, b) fine-grained, or c) glassy. Please explain why you think that is.
- What do you think has happened to these rocks since they were formed?
- Take of photo of yourself OR your GPS to show a view of GZ similar to the ones above. Include it in your message, but please do not post it in your log, it might give too much away.
When you have your response to the above questions, please, if possible, Message us, using the link at the top of the page underneath the name of the Cache. We prefer the Message method, as apparently, we don't respond to emails very well, but messages we do. We will contact you by Message once your Message has been received.
But please log your Found It 
in the meantime, and just say that you have Messaged your answers to the CO. We do reply to all logs within a reasonable time, and if there is a problem with your answers, we will ask you for further clarification.
Happy Earthcaching!