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- [REQUIRED] Please post a photo in your log of yourself or a personal item at the outcrop to prove you visited the site.
- For this particular outcrop, describe the colour scheme of the rock outcrop.
- Can you see any crystals, and if so, are they large or small? Describe.
This part of southern New Brunswick is mostly underlain by rock of the ancient microcontinenet Avalonia. Avalonia was a microcontinent in the Paleozoic era, the earliest and longest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon, lasting from 541 to 252 million years ago. Folding and faulting has resulted in a complex pattern of ourcrops along the parkway. The rock that dominates the parkway and nearby Walton Glen is rhyolite, about 555 million years old. The rhyolite is so extensive, so thick, and so consistent in age that geologists think it is likely to have formed as the result of a single pyroclastic super-eruption.
The term "supervolcano" implies a volcanic center that has had an eruption of magnitude 8 on the Volcano Explosivity Index (VEI), meaning that at one point in time it erupted more than 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles) of material. In the early 2000s, the term “super-eruption” began being used as a catchy way to describe VEI 8 eruptions. Explosive events of this size erupt so much magma that a circular-shaped collapse feature, called a caldera, forms above the evacuated magma storage region.
The rhyolite outcrop here is typical of the less altererd rhyolite rocks on the parkway, the colour scheme can be pale pink to mauve, the layering and colour changes can be vague. This rock type is quite brittle, and the outcrop surface is broken into sharp-edged, irregular fragments. Many of these outcrops along the parkway from her to Walton Glen fromed from hot volcanic ash. While still hot, the ash fused together to form rocks known as welded tuff. Some varieties include cystal and/or rock fragments, while those that sagged or flowed while still hoat are called flow-banded rhyolite.
Igneous rock
worldatlas.com
Rhyolite and the Fundy Trail Parkway
The Fundy Trail Parkway overlooks the Bay of Fundy coast and the highest tides on the planet. It is a 30 km parkway with coastal access. The rhyolite in the Fundy Trail Parkway is an extrusive igneous rock with a very high silica content. Depending on the area, it is usually pink or gray in color with grains so small that they are difficult to observe without a hand lens. The rhyolite is made up of quartz, plagioclase, and sanidine, with minor amounts of hornblende and biotite. Trapped gases can produce vugs in the rock containing crystals, opal, or glassy material. (Vugs are cavities in rock, lined with mineral crystals.)
The rhyolite formed from granitic magma that partially cooled in the subsurface. When these magmas erupted, a rock with two grain sizes formed. The large crystals that formed beneath the surface are called phenocrysts, and the small crystals formed at the surface are called groundmass.
Rhyolite usually forms in continental or continent-margin volcanic eruptions where granitic magma reaches the surface. Rhyolite is rarely produced at oceanic eruptions.
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