As a graduate of Kent State University, I thought I would provide some folks with a history lesson about the university and it's most famous day. Becasue I was an athlete on the track and cross country teams, I will also be providing you guys with some other interesting facts that do not pertain that dark day.
The cache is not at the posted location. You will need to do some research to figure out the final location. This is not a "puzzle" so do not go looking at the image attributes or the source code or any of that. This is just a plain old history lesson. I hope you enjoy.
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W104 AB.CDE
Kent State University is located in Portage County in northeast Ohio, about 30 minutes east of Akron. It is the third largest university in the state behind THE Ohio State University and the University of Cincinnati. About 1/3 of the students either commute or attend one of the regional campuses.
C = the number of regional campuses (not including the main campus)
B = the last number of the year in which the first regional campus (Stark Campus) was established, minus two
Kent State University was established as an institution for training public school teachers. It was part of the Lowry Bill, which also created a sister school in Bowling Green, Ohio – now known as Bowling Green State University. It was initially known under the working name of the Ohio State Normal College At Kent, but was named Kent State Normal School in honor of William S. Kent (son of Kent, Ohio, namesake Marvin Kent), who donated the 53 acres used for the original campus.
A = the last number of the year the school was founded, plus four
Kent Sate has had numerous famous alumi, including Alabama football coach Nick Saben and former Notre Dame coach Lou Holtz. Some other notable alumni include former New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson; Thomas Jefferson, the 1984 200m Olympic bronze medalist; current Price is Right host Drew Carey; comedian and talk show host Arsenio Hall; and comedian Steve Harvey.
D = The year this famous alumnus won the British Open, minus one
E = The number of Super Bowl victories this hall of fame linebacker owns, plus four
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Kent State University unfortunately is mainly know for the tragic shooting that took place on campus. The Kent State shootings, also known as the May 4 massacre and the Kent State massacre, were the killing of four and wounding of nine other unarmed students by the Ohio National Guard. The killings took place during a peace rally opposing the expanding involvement of the Vietnam War into neutral Cambodia by United States military forces as well as protesting the National Guard presence on campus. The incident marked the first time that a student had been killed in an anti-war gathering in United States history.
G = the last number of the year in which this shooting took place
Students Allison Beth Krause, 19, Jeffrey Glenn Miller, 20, Sandra Lee Scheuer, 20, were killed on the scene, while William Knox Schroeder, 19, was pronounced dead at Robinson Memorial Hospital in nearby Ravenna shortly afterward.
Probably the most famous photo from the shooting was taken by John Filo. This Pulitzer Prize winning photo features Mary Ann Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller.
F = the age of Mary Ann Vecchio when the photo was taken, minus 11
The lead up to the shootings lasted four days. A demonstration with about 500 students was held on May 1 on the Commons (a grassy knoll in the center of campus traditionally used as a gathering place for rallies or protests). As the crowd dispersed to attend classes by 1 p.m., another rally was planned for May 4 to continue the protest of the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia. There was widespread anger, and many protesters issued a call to "bring the war home". A group of history students buried a copy of the United States Constitution to symbolize that Nixon had killed it. A sign was put on a tree asking: "Why is the ROTC building still standing?" Kent Mayor LeRoy Satrom declared a state of emergency, called the office of Ohio Governor Jim Rhodes to seek assistance, and ordered all of the bars to be closed that evening after people began throwing bottles at police and vandalizing property.
On Saturday, May 2, city officials and downtown businesses received threats, and rumors proliferated that revolutionaries were in town to destroy the city and university. Kent's police chief told the mayor that according to a reliable informant, the ROTC building, the local army recruiting station, and post office had been targeted for destruction that night. Satrom made the decision to call Rhodes and request that the National Guard be sent to Kent, a request that was granted immediately. The decision to call in the National Guard was made at 5:00 p.m., but the guard did not arrive in town that evening until around 10 p.m. By this time, a large demonstration was underway on the campus, and the campus ROTC building was burning. The arsonists were never apprehended, and no one was injured in the fire.
On Sunday, May 3, Governor Rhodes called the student protesters un-American, referring to them as revolutionaries set on destroying higher education in Ohio. During the day, some students came to downtown Kent to help with clean-up efforts after the rioting, actions which were met with mixed reactions from local businessmen. Mayor Satrom, under pressure from frightened citizens, ordered a curfew until further notice. Around 8 p.m., another rally was held on the campus Commons. By 8:45 p.m., the Guardsmen used tear gas to disperse the crowd, and the students reassembled at the intersection of Lincoln and Main, holding a sit-in with the hopes of gaining a meeting with Mayor Satrom and University President Robert White. At 11:00 p.m., the Guard announced that a curfew had gone into effect and began forcing the students back to their dorms.
On Monday, May 4, a protest was scheduled to be held at noon, as had been planned three days earlier. University officials attempted to ban the gathering, handing out 12,000 leaflets stating that the event was canceled. Despite these efforts, an estimated 2,000 people gathered on the university's Commons, near Taylor Hall. The protest began with the ringing of the campus's iron Victory Bell (which had historically been used to signal victories in football games) to mark the beginning of the rally. The National Guard attempted to disperse the students but were unable and the rally continued.
When it became clear that the crowd was not going to disperse, a group of 77 National Guard troops, began to advance upon the hundreds of protesters. As the guardsmen advanced, the protesters retreated up and over Blanket Hill, heading out of the Commons area. Once over the hill, the students, in a loose group, moved northeast along the front of Taylor Hall, with some continuing toward a parking lot in front of Prentice Hall (slightly northeast of and perpendicular to Taylor Hall). However, the guardsmen ended up boxing themselves in as the approached an area closed off by a fence. After about 15 minutes, they began to retrace their steps. During their climb back to Blanket Hill, several guardsmen stopped and half-turned to keep their eyes on the students in the Prentice Hall parking lot.
H = the last digit in the time that, according the eyewitnesses, Sergeant Myron Pryor turned and began firing at the crowd of students, minus three
In all, a total of 67 shots were fired over 13 seconds.
Immediately after the shootings, many angry students were ready to launch an all-out attack on the National Guard. Many faculty members, led by geology professor and faculty marshal Glenn Frank, pleaded with the students to leave the Commons and to not give in to violent escalation. After 20 minutes of speaking, the students left the Commons, as ambulance personnel tended to the wounded, and the Guard left the area.
Of those wounded, none was closer than 71 feet to the guardsmen. Of those killed, the nearest (Miller) was 265 feet away, and their average distance from the guardsmen was 345 feet
On May 14, ten days after the Kent State shootings, two students were killed (and 12 wounded) by police at Jackson State University, a historically black university, in Jackson, Mississippi, under similar circumstances, but that event did not arouse the same nationwide attention as the Kent State shootings.
On June 13, as a consequence of the killings of protesting students at Kent State and Jackson State, President Nixon established the President's Commission on Campus Unrest, known as the Scranton Commission, which he charged to study the dissent, disorder, and violence breaking out on college and university campuses across the nation. The Commission issued its findings in a September report that concluded that the Ohio National Guard shootings on May 4 were unjustified.
Beginning in 2006, with the placement of an Ohio Historical Marker, the University's efforts turned to the recognition and preservation of the actual site, its history and meaning. In February 2010, a portion of the May 4 Kent State Shootings Site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places at the national level of significance due to the impact the events had on the nationwide anti-war movement and on American politics more broadly.
I = the first number in the size (in acres) of land set aside for the National Register
The National Register designation also brought new perspectives, affirmation, and acceptance of the May 4th history and site within the university leadership and beyond. The mother of one of the slain students said that recognition by the National Register finally gave her closure on her child’s death. The May 4 Visitors Center opened in 2012 with exhibits organized around the themes of social justice, the generation gap, and the Vietnam War and covering the wide range of perspectives about May 4th, then and now.
Most recently, the Secretary of the Interior designated the May 4 Kent State Shootings Site as a National Historic Landmark in 2016, the highest recognition by the federal government for historic properties of exceptional significance in interpreting the history of the United States.
To this day, one of the lasting reminders of the deadly day in our history was a song written by Neal Young and performed by Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young called "Ohio." Within two and a half weeks of the Kent State shootings, "Ohio" was receiving national airplay. The simple lyrics still resonate to this day.
"Tin soldiers and Nixon coming
We're finally on our own
This summer I hear the drumming
Four dead in Ohio
Gotta get down to it
Soldiers are cutting us down
Should have been done long ago
What if you knew her
And found her dead on the ground
How can you run when you know?"
J = the last number in the year in which Crosby, Stills and Nash first visited the campus, plus one
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While the events of May 4 are a tragic moment in our history, the preservation and educational activities accomplished by Kent State University illustrate how to recognize and interpret difficult and uncomfortable history in a dignified manner. In his remarks at the National Historic Landmark dedication, Dr. Mark Seeman spoke of the importance of preserving place, because place is where fact and memory come together to provide meaning. Kent State's efforts reinforce the very real power of place. Thank you for taking this journey with me. You can check you answer with the checker below.
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