Postoji nekoliko teorija o osnutku Dubrovnika, a općeprihvaćena je, da je grad osnovan u 7. st., kada su se Latini iz grada Epidauruma sklonili pred navalom Avara i Slavena na hrid Laus, što znači stijena. Kasnije su ti isti Slaveni izgradili naselje na južnim padinama brda Srđa, na kopnu preko puta hridi i nazvali ga Dubrava, što znači šuma duba (hrasta). Tijekom vremena su se naselja sve više povezivala, da bi se potpuno spojila u 11. st., nasuvši uski kanal, što ih je dijelio (današnja ulica Placa, tj. Stradun), a u 12. st. i 13. st. zaštitivši se potpuno obrambenim zidinama. Prema nekim drugim teorijama i antičkim natpisima, Dubrovnik je možda osnovan i prije 3. st., kao malo naselje na otočiću Laus.
Danas postoje nove nedoumice u pogledu nastanka Dubrovnika, jer su se obje gore spomenute teorije pokazale pogrešnima. Prilikom renoviranja Katedrale, duboko ispod temelja današnjeg zdanja nađeni su ostaci dvije nekadašnje crkve, jedne za koju se i prije znalo, i druge, još starije, datirane u 5. stoljeće. Kao dodatak promjeni teorije je i otkriće dijela dubrovačkih zidina, također datiran u isto razdoblje. Prilikom sondiranja Straduna, utvrđena je činjenica, da otočić Laus nikada nije postojao, jer sam Stradun nije nasip nego prirodna pješčana plaža, koja se prostirala između brda Srđa i hridinastog područja. Nove spoznaje, kao i otkriće grčkih novčića i keramike pod Malim mulom u luci, čini se, potvrđuju teze nekih povjesničara, da početci sežu davno prije 7. st., tj. u doba starih Grka. Postavka dr. Ničetića, kojom on dokazuje neminovnost postojanja jedne antičke luke između Budve i Korčule dodatno je dala na vjerodostojnosti teze o nastanku naselja još u grčko vrijeme. Dubrovnik je u početku bio u sastavu Dalmatinskog temata i priznaje vlast Bizanta. Prvi se puta u ispravama spominje 850. g. Oko 992. g. spalio ga je car Samuilo. Krajem 10. st. osniva se dubrovačka nadbiskupija i metropolija. Tada postaje crkveno neovisan od Splita. Od 1205. g. Mletačka Republika, koristeći križarski pohod, vlada Dubrovnikom, što traje do 1358. g. U vrijeme mletačke vlasti, Dubrovčani dižu tri bune, ali se nisu mogli osloboditi mletačkog gospodstva. Iako je priznavao mletačku vlast, Dubrovnik je uspio sačuvati autonomiju, jer je birao Malo i Veliko vijeće, Senat te ostale organe gradske samouprave. Komuna je 1272. g. dobila statut. U Dubrovniku se vrlo rano razvija trgovina, posebno sa zaleđem i to ponajprije s Bosnom u doba Kulina bana.Stanovništvo se dijeli na bogatu vlastelu: patricije (nobiles cives), gradski puk - pučane, obično na poslovima trgovaca i kapetana, kao i pisara, i kmetove, seljake koji rade za vlastelu - obrađuju zemlju. Patriciji se pokušavaju zatvoriti unutar sebe, no posljedica toga je odumiranje vlastelinskih porodica. Morali su popustiti te sklapati brakove s pučanstvom. U vrijeme uspona Raške uspješno se branio od njenih napadaja. U 13. st. vlast Dubrovnika raste na šire gradsko područje i susjedne teritorije. Tako se Lastovo dobrovoljno priključuje Dubrovniku, a od 1333. g. u sastavu Dubrovačke Republike je i Stonski rat, tj. Pelješac sa Stonom. Srpski Car Dušan prepustio je Dubrovniku kontrolu nad Stonskim ratom (Pelješcem) uz naknadu od 500 perpera, plaćanje poreza. Godine 1345. i Mljet ulazi u sastav Republike. Ston je imao veliko strateško značenje za Dubrovnik, jer je tako mogao kontrolirati plovidbu oko ušća Neretve i u Mljetskom kanalu. Prostor od Stona do Zatona Dubrovnik je osigurao kada je početkom 14. st. od Bosne kupio Primorje i početkom 15. st. Konavle (primorski dio 1333., a konavoski dio s tvrđavom Soko te Cavtatom i Obodom 31. prosinca 1426.). Tada su utvrđene granice Republike koju od kraja 15. st. priznaju svi dubrovački susjedi. Dubrovnik je potpisao brojne međunarodne ugovore s talijanskim gradovima (posebno s Pisom) i ostalim susjedima u zaleđu (Bosna, Srbija), većinom osiguravajući prevlast i povlašten položaj dubrovačkih trgovaca. Zadarskim mirom 1358. g., Mletačka Republika se odrekla svih posjeda na istočnoj obali Jadrana u korist Hrvatsko-Ugarske Kraljevine. Dubrovnik je, u uspješnom diplomatskom potezu, prihvatio simboličnu vrhovnu vlast kralja (Ludovika I.), koja nije Hrvatsko-Ugarskoj davala doslovno nikakav utjecaj nad komunom i plaćao im je danak od 500 dukata, čime se zaštitio i od nasrtaja Venecije. Od tog vremena Dubrovnik sve više izgrađuje svoju samostalnost i neovisnost. Kneza biraju sami Dubrovčani, a nakon smrti Ludovika I. 1380. g. razvija se u samostalnu i priznatu Republiku.
Za registraciju morate učiniti sljedeće:
1. Imenujte plažu ispod sebe.
2. Napiši ime jedne crkve koja je u neposrednoj blizini.
3. Zapišite naziv otoka koji vidite s ove točke ako gledate prema zidu.
4. Koji je hrvatski književnik rođen u Dubrovniku u 16. stoljeću?
5. Logbook mora sadržavati sliku vašeg GEO IMENA i DATUMA. Svi unosi bez slike sa imenom i datumom bit će izbrisani. Pošaljite odgovore na geocaching mail.
There is some theory about the design of Dubrovnik, but it is generally accepted that the castle was founded in the 7th century, when the Latins from the city of Epidaurum took refuge before the onslaught of the Avars and Slavs on the rock of Laus, which means rock. Later, these same Slavs built a settlement on the southern slopes of the Srđa hill, on the land across the road from the rocks, and called it Dubrava, which means oak (oak) forest. In the course of time, the settlements became more and more connected, until they were completely merged in the 11th century, filling up a narrow channel that separated them (today's Placa street, i.e. Stradun), but in the 12th century. and 13th century protecting themselves with completely defensive walls. According to some other theories and ancient inscriptions, Dubrovnik may have been founded before the 3rd century, as a small settlement on the islet of Laus.
Today, there are new doubts regarding the origin of Dubrovnik, because both theories mentioned above have been proven wrong. During the renovation of the Cathedral, the remains of two former churches were found deep under the foundation of the present building, one of which was known before, and the other, even older, dating back to the 5th century. In addition to the change in theory, the discovery of a part of Dubrovnik's walls, also dated to the same period. During the sounding of Stradun, the fact was established that the islet of Laus never existed, because Stradun itself is not an embankment but a natural sandy beach that stretched between Srđ hill and a rocky area. New findings, as well as the discovery of Greek coins and ceramics under the Little Mule in Luci, seem to confirm the thesis of some historians that the beginnings date back long before the 7th century, i.e. in the time of the ancient Greeks. Item dr. Ničetić, with which he proves the inevitability of the existence of one ancient harbor between Budva and Korčula, additionally gave credibility to the thesis about the origin of the settlement in Greek times. Dubrovnik was initially part of the Dalmatian theme and recognized the rule of Byzantium. The first one is mentioned in two documents in 850. Eye 992. g. it was burned by Tsar Samuel. Around the 10th century the Archbishopric and Metropolis of Dubrovnik is founded. Then it becomes ecclesiastically independent from Split. From 1205 The Republic of Venice, using the Crusades, rules Dubrovnik, which lasts until 1358. During the time of the Venetian rule, the people of Dubrovnik staged three revolts because they could not free themselves from the Venetian rule. Although it recognized Venetian rule, Dubrovnik managed to preserve its autonomy, as it elected the Small and Great Council, the Senate and other city self-government bodies. The commune is 1272. g. got a statute. Trade developed very early in Dubrovnik, especially with the hinterland, and above all with Bosnia during the time of Kulin Ban. The population is divided into wealthy nobles: patricians (nobiles cives), the castle regiment - commoners, usually in the jobs of merchants and captains, as well as scribes, and farmers, peasants who work for the lord - they cultivate the land. The patricians try to close in on themselves, but the consequence of this is the death of the feudal families. They had to give in and marry the common people. During the rise of Raška, he successfully defended himself against her attacks. In the 13th century Dubrovnik's estate is expanding into the wider city area and neighboring territories. Thus, Lastovo voluntarily joins Dubrovnik, but from 1333. The Republic of Dubrovnik also includes Stonski Rat, i.e. Pelješac with Ston. The Serbian Tsar Dušan ceded control of Stonski Rat (Pelješće) to Dubrovnik for a fee of 500 perper, payment of taxes. In 1345, Mljet became part of the Republic. Ston had great strategic significance for Dubrovnik, as it was thus able to control navigation around the mouth of the Neretva and in the Mljet channel. The area from Ston to Zaton was secured by Dubrovnik when at the beginning of the 14th century. bought Primorje from Bosnia in the beginning of the 15th century. Konavle (the coastal part in 1333, and the Konavle part with the fortress Soko and Cavtat and Obod on December 31, 1426). Then the borders of the Republic were established, which from the 15th century onwards. recognized by all Dubrovnik neighbors. Dubrovnik signed numerous international agreements with Italian cities (especially Pisa) and other neighbors in the hinterland (Bosnia, Serbia), mostly ensuring the supremacy and privileged position of Dubrovnik merchants. With the Peace of Zadar in 1358, the Republic of Venice renounced all possessions on the eastern coast of the Adriatic in favor of the Croatian-Hungarian Kingdom. Dubrovnik, in a successful diplomatic move, accepted the symbolic supreme authority of the king (Ludovic I.), which gave Croatia-Hungary literally no influence over the commune and paid them a tribute of 500 ducats, thus protecting itself from the attacks of Venice. Since the tough weather, Dubrovnik is increasingly building its independence and self-sufficiency. The prince is elected by the people of Dubrovnik themselves, but after the death of Ludovic I. in 1380. is developing in an independent and recognized Republic.
To register, you must do the following:
1. Name the beach below you.
2. Write the name of one church that is in the immediate vicinity.
3. Write down the name of the island you see from this point if you are looking towards the wall.
4. Which Croatian writer was born in Dubrovnik in the 16th century?
5. The entry log must include a picture of your GEO NAME and DATE. All entries without an image with the date and name will be deleted. Send the answers to the geocaching mail.
Um sich zu registrieren, müssen Sie Folgendes tun:
1. Benennen Sie den Strand unter Ihnen.
2. Schreiben Sie den Namen einer Kirche in unmittelbarer Nähe auf.
3. Schreiben Sie den Namen der Insel auf, die Sie von diesem Punkt aus sehen, wenn Sie zur Wand blicken.
4. Welcher kroatische Schriftsteller wurde im 16. Jahrhundert in Dubrovnik geboren?
5. Das Anmeldeprotokoll muss ein Bild Ihres GEO NAMES und DATUMS enthalten. Alle Einträge ohne Bild mit Datum und Name werden gelöscht. Senden Sie die Antworten an die Geocaching-Mail.
Virtualne nagrade 3.0 - 2022.-2023
Ovaj Virtual Cache dio je ograničenog izdanja Virtuala stvorenog između 1. ožujka 2022. i 1. ožujka 2023. Samo 4000 vlasnika dobilo je priliku sakriti Virtual Cache. Saznajte više o Virtual Rewards 3.0 na Geocaching blogu.
Virtual Rewards 3.0 - 2022-2023
This Virtual Cache is part of a limited release of Virtuals created between March 1, 2022 and March 1, 2023. Only 4,000 cache owners were given the opportunity to hide a Virtual Cache. Learn more about Virtual Rewards 3.0 on the Geocaching Blog.