O Vrba! srečna, draga vas domača,
kjer hiša mojega stoji očeta;
de b' uka žeja me iz tvojga svéta
speljala ne bila, goljfiva kača!
Ne vedel bi, kako se v strup prebrača
vse, kar srce si sladkega obeta;
mi ne bila bi vera v sebe vzeta,
ne bil viharjov nótranjih b' igrača!
Zvestó srce in delavno ročico
za doto, ki je nima miljonarka,
bi bil dobil z izvoljeno devico;
mi mirno plavala bi moja barka,
pred ognjam dom, pred točo mi pšenico
bi bližnji sosed vároval - svet' Marka.
SLO:
France Prešeren velja za največjega slovenskega pesnika zato je prav, da se njegovo življenje na kratko predstavi.
France Prešeren se je rodil 3. decembra 1800 pri Ribču v Vrbi. V svoji rojstni vasi je živel do 7. leta, kasneje se je v Vrbo vračal le občasno. Nadarjenega osemletnika je oče odpeljal k svojemu stricu Jožefu, župniku na Kopanju pri Grosupljem. Prva dva razreda ljudske šole je obiskoval v Ribnici in 3. v Ljubljani, kjer je nato končal gimnazijo in dva letnika filozofije. Leta 1821 je odpotoval na Dunaj in tam končal še tretji letnik. Vpisal se je na dunajsko pravno fakulteto in leta 1828 doktoriral. Med študijem mu je pomagal stric Jožef, dobival je tudi Knafljevo štipendijo. Na začetku je opravljal delo domačega učitelja v zavodu za katoliško mladino, a to službo je moral zaradi svobodomiselnosti zapustiti.
V Ljubljano se je vrnil leta 1828 in dobil službo pripravnika pri odvetniku Leopoldu Baumgartnu. V tem času se je Prešeren ponovno srečal in tesno spoprijateljil z Matijem Čopom. Leta 1832 je v Celovcu opravil sodno- odvetniški izpit in takoj zaprosil za samostojno odvetniško mesto. Zavrnili so ga in s tem se je začelo 14-letno obdobje, ko je zaman poskušal postati samostojni odvetnik, saj je veljal za svobodomiselnega in politično sumljivega.
V tem času je napisal Slovo od mladosti in Sonete nesreče. Z urednikom Mihom Kastelicem je izdal tri zvezke pesniškega almanaha Kranjska čbelica. V njih je objavil baladi Povodni mož, Lenora in romanci Hčere svet, Turjaška Rozamunda ter druge.
Leta 1831 se je med Jernejem Kopitarjem in Matijem Čopom vnela abecedna vojna za slovenski črkopis. Prešeren je vanjo posegel s Sonetom o kaši. Iz Kopitarja, s katerim se takrat nista več najbolje razumela, se je ponorčeval s sonetom Apel in čevljar, ki se konča z znamenitim verzom: »Le čevlje sodi naj kopitar!«
France Prešeren je 6. aprila 1833 v trnovski cerkvi prvič uzrl Julijo Primic, bogato ljubljansko meščanko, in se vanjo zaljubil. Ta ljubezen je močno vplivala na njegovo življenje in ustvarjanje. Posvetil ji je Sonetni venec, v katerega je umetniško vpletel Magistrale. V akrostihu Magistral je izpisal posvetilo: Primicovi Julji. Julija njegove ljubezni ni uslišala in se je leta 1839 poročila z bogatim plemičem in sodnikom von Scheuchenstuehlom.
Pesniku je leta 1835 umrl stric Jožef, ki ga je vedno podpiral. Istega leta je v Savi utonil Matija Čop. Po Čopovi smrti je Prešeren tesneje prijateljeval z mladim Poljakom Emilom Korytkom, zbirateljem ljudskih pesmi. Korytko je umrl leta 1839 in leto dni zatem že Andrej Smole, s katerim sta se prav tako veliko družila. Skupaj sta izdala pesmi Valentina Vodnika in Ta veseli dan ali Matiček se ženi Antona Tomaža Linharta. Prešeren se je v tistem času zapletel z mladoletno Ano Jelovšek, ki mu je rodila tri nezakonske otroke: Terezijo, Ernestino in Franceta. Izgube prijateljev, neuslišana ljubezen do Julije in poklicni neuspeh so Prešerna privedli v življenjsko in ustvarjalno krizo.
Leta 1846 je naposled postal samostojen odvetnik v Kranju. Tu je dočakal izdajo svoje pesniške zbirke Poezije (1847), ki jo je pripravljal od leta 1844. Iz zbirke je zaradi cenzure črtal Zdravljico, v kateri se zavzema za samostojnost Slovencev in enakopravnost vseh narodov. Objavil jo je lahko šele po marčni revoluciji leta 1848 v Bleiweisovih Novicah.
Umrl je 8. februarja 1849. Pokopan je v Kranju. Nekdanje mestno pokopališče je od leta 1952 spremenjeno v park Prešernov gaj, kjer je pokopana tudi Ernestina Jelovšek.
In še nekaj zanimivosti:
- Sedma kitica Zdravljice je bila leta 1991 razglašena za slovensko državno himno;
- Dan Prešernove smrti je slovenski kulturni praznik;
- Najvišje priznanje Republike Slovenije za dosežke na področju umetnosti se imenuje Prešernova nagrada;
- O Prešernove življenju je bila posneta TV-nadaljevanka po scenariju dr. Matjaža Kmecla in Branka Šömna s Pavlom Ravnohribom v glavni vlogi;
- Prešernovo ime nosi planinska koča na Stolu in
- edina slovenska sorta vrtnic se imenuje Rosa Prešeren.
vir: visitzirovnica.si
Svojo gorensko vasico pa opeva tudi v eni najbolj znanih pesmi - O Vrba.
Pesem je sonet, ki jo je Prešeren leta 1832 napisal in pozneje tudi popravil. Gre za uvodno razstavo *cikla šestih sonetov z naslovom Soneti nesreče. Najprej jih je bilo 7, prvega je nato opustil, to je sonet Pov`do let starih čudne izročila, domnevno zato, ker je bil motivno preveč zapleten in mitološko preveč učen. Vsem je skupno, da izražajo najpomembnejše vzroke za pesnikovo nesrečo in Prešernovo razmišljanje o življenju, poleg tega pa vendarle mnogo žive in močne vere v življenje in umetnost. Prvič so bili objavljeni v 4. zvezku Krajnske Čbelice (1834).
*Ciklus je vsebinsko povezana, zaključena skupina umetniških ali znanstvenih stvaritev.
*** GEOZAKLADA NI NA DANIH KOORDINATAH ***
ENG:
The greatest Slovenian poet, so it is right to give a brief introduction to his life.
France Prešeren was born on 3 December 1800 in the Upper Carniolan village of Vrba, then part of the Habsburg Monarchy. He lived in his native village until the age of seven, and later returned to Vrba only occasionally. The gifted eight-year-old farmer’s son was taken by his father to his great uncle Joseph, the parish priest at Kopanj near Grosuplje, to begin his education. He finished the first two classes of primary school in Ribnica, and the third one in Ljubljana, where he also finished secondary school followed by two years of philosophy. He learned Latin, Ancient Greek, and German at a very young age, the latter was then the language of education, administration and high culture in most areas inhabited by Slovenes. In 1821 Prešeren traveled to Vienna where he finished the third year of philosophy. He enrolled at the University of Vienna, where he studied law, against the wishes of his mother who wanted him to become a priest. Prešeren’s education was funded by his great uncle Jožef, and he was also a recipient of a Knafelj scholarship in Vienna. He worked as a teacher at the Catholic Youth Institute and as a private tutor during his studies.
After acquiring a law degree in 1828, Prešeren returned to Ljubljana where he was employed as an assistant in the firm of the lawyer Leopold Baumgartner. During this time he became friends with the philologist Matija Čop, who had an extremely important influence on the development of Prešeren’s poetry. Together they fought a ‘battle’ for using the Slovenian language in literature, known as the ‘Alphabet War’. In 1832 Prešeren passed the bar exam in Klagenfurt and immediately applied for an independent lawyer’s position. He was rejected and this began a 14-year period in which he tried in vain to become an independent lawyer, as he was considered free-spirited and politically suspicious. During this time Prešeren wrote his first important poems, Slovo od mladosti (A Farewell to Youth) and Sonetje nesreče (Sonnets of Misfortune). He played a big role in establishing the literary almanac Krajnska čbelica (The Carniolan Bee), which was edited by the librarian Miha Kastelic, and where he published many of his poems, such as Povodni mož (The Waterman), Lenora, and others.
In spring 1833, Prešeren met Julija Primic, the daughter of a rich merchant, in the Trnovo church in Ljubljana. Julija became the unfulfilled love of his life and greatly influenced his future poetry writing and also, partly, his life. Prešeren dedicated several of his poems to her, the most famous among them the 1834 Sonetni venec (Wreath of Sonnets). Julija later married Prešeren’s schoolmate, von Scheuchenstuehl, a wealthy nobleman and judge. Prešeren followed Čop’s advice and transformed Julija into a poetic figure, reminiscent of Dante’s Beatrice and Petrarch’s Laura.
In 1835 the poet’s great uncle Jožef, who always supported him, died. The same year Matija Čop drowned in the Sava river. After Čop’s death, Prešeren became close friends with a young Polish political activist from Galicia, Emil Korytko, a collector of folk songs. Unfortunately, Korytko died in 1839 and when in 1840 another of Prešeren’s good friends, Andrej Smole, died suddenly, it led Prešeren into life and a creative crisis. During this time the poet became involved with the teenager Ana Jelovšek, who gave birth to his three illegitimate children: Terezija, Ernestina and France.
In 1846 Prešeren was finally granted an independent law office in Kranj. It was here where he finally awaited the publication of his poetry collection ‘Poetry’ (Poezije), which he had been preparing since 1844. Zdravljica (A Toast), a poem in which Prešeren advocated the independence of Slovenes and the equality of all nations, was removed from the collection due to censorship. It could only be published after the March Revolution of 1848.
France Prešeren died on 8 February 1849. He is buried at the old Kranj cemetery, today called Prešeren’s Grove.
And a few more interesting facts:
- In 1991 the seventh stanza of Zdravljica (A Toast) was declared the Slovenian national anthem;
- The day of Prešeren’s death is a Slovenian cultural holiday;
- The highest recognition of the Republic of Slovenia for achievements in the field of art is called the Prešeren Award;
- There are many streets, squares, schools and theatres named after him;
- Prešeren’s legacy in Slovene culture is enormous;
- He is generally regarded as the national poet and one of the greatest European Romanticists.
source: www.visitzirovnica.si
He also dedicated one of his most famous poems – O Vrba! – to his home village.
The poem is a sonnet that Prešeren wrote in 1832 and later revised. It is the opening exhibition of a *cycle of six sonnets entitled Sonnets of Misfortune. There were originally 7 of them, the first of which he then abandoned, that is the sonnet "Pov`do let starih čudne izročila", presumably because it was too complicated in motive and too learned in mythology. What they all have in common is that they express the most important reasons for the poet's unhappiness and Prešeren's reflections on life, but in addition to that, they express a lot of living and strong faith in life and art. They were first published in volume 4 of Krajnska Čbelica (1834).
*A cycle is a coherent, complete group of artistic or scientific works.
*** THE GEOCACHE IS NOT AT THE POSTED COORDINATES ***
