ZORK
Zork je besedilna pustolovska igra, ki so jo razvijalci Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce Daniels in Dave Lebling prvič izdali leta 1977 za glavni računalnik PDP-10. Prvotni razvijalci in drugi, kot podjetje Infocom, so igro razširili in razdelili na tri naslove - Zork I: Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz in Zork III: The Dungeon Master, ki so bile od leta 1980 komercialno izdane za različne osebne računalnike. V igri Zork igralec raziskuje zapuščeno Veliko podzemno cesarstvo in išče zaklade. Igralec se premika med več sto lokacijami v igri in sodeluje s predmeti tako, da v naravnem jeziku vnaša ukaze, ki jih igra interpretira. Program deluje kot pripovedovalec, ki opisuje igralčevo lokacijo in rezultate njegovih ukazov. Igra je bila opisana kot najbolj znano interaktivno igrano delo.
IGRANJE
Računalniški monitor z besedilom
Igranje igre Zork na računalniku Kaypro CP/M
Zork je besedilna pustolovska igra, v kateri igralec raziskuje ruševine Velikega podzemnega cesarstva. Igralec vnaša besedilne ukaze za svoj lik, da bi prečkal lokacije, reševal uganke in zbiral zaklade. V igri je na stotine lokacij, vsaka ima ime in opis, igralčevi ukazi pa vplivajo na predmete, ovire in bitja v njih. Ukazi so lahko ena ali dve besedi (npr. "vzemi svetilko" ali "sever") ali bolj zapletene fraze (npr. "daj svetilko in meč v kovček"). Ukaz mora ustrezati kontekstu lokacije (npr. "dobi svetilko" deluje le, če je svetilka prisotna). Program deluje kot pripovedovalec, ki igralcu opiše njegovo lokacijo in rezultate določenih dejanj. Če igra ne razume igralčevih ukazov, zahteva, da igralec ponovno vnese svoja dejanja. Odgovori programa so običajno v sarkastičnem, pogovornem tonu, podobno kot bi mojster igre vodil igralce v namizni igri igranja vlog.
Prvotna različica igre iz leta 1977 je bila izdana v enem izvodu, Zork. Ko je bila pretvorjena v komercialni programski naslov, je bila razdeljena na tri epizode, pri čemer so bili zadnjima dvema epizodama dodani novi in razširjeni deli. Velik del igralnega sveta sestavljajo uganke, ki jih je treba sčasoma rešiti, na primer niz gumbov na jezu ali labirint, ki ga je treba prehoditi. Nekatere uganke imajo več kot eno rešitev. Ker je na primer "glasna soba" preveč glasna, da bi igralec lahko izvajal dejanja, lahko igralec izprazni bližnji jez, da ustavi zvok padajoče vode, ali pa v sobi zakriči "odmev", da spremeni njeno akustiko. V prvi epizodi oziroma v igri Zork I se po podzemlju sprehaja tudi lik tatiča, ki jemlje zapuščene predmete ali celo krade iz igralčevega premoženja. Igralec se lahko s tatovi bori ali se jim izogne, ukradene predmete pa lahko dobi nazaj v tatovi sobi z zakladi. Na nekaterih lokacijah so antagonisti, s katerimi se mora igralec boriti ali jih premagati. V Zorku II se lahko igralec nauči čarobnih urokov, ki jih lahko uporabi v ugankah in boju. Na temnih območjih mora igralec nositi svetilko ali drug vir svetlobe, da ga ne bi pojedla pošast, imenovana grue. Omejeno je, koliko "inventarja" lahko nosimo s seboj, kar je odvisno od skupne teže predmetov in ne od njihove količine.
Glavni cilj vsake epizode je zbrati vse zaklade, med katerimi so številni skriti za ugankami. Z zbiranjem zakladov ali izpolnjevanjem nalog se igralčevo število točk povečuje, kar je približno merilo za to, koliko dela igre je igralec opravil. Igralec lahko potuje po svetu igre in rešuje uganke v skoraj poljubnem vrstnem redu, čeprav je za prehod skozi nekatere prehode treba rešiti težave, nekatere uganke pa zahtevajo, da ima igralec nekaj, kar je pridobil pri reševanju druge uganke. V Zorku III je za razliko od prejšnjih epizod prisotna časovna komponenta, ki neposredno vpliva na izid. Po približno 130 potezah se zgodi potres, ki odpre en prehod in zapre drugega. V vsaki epizodi so za dosego zaključka igre potrebni zakladi.
Za pomoč v igri vpiši "help".
Navodila
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Zork is a text-based adventure game first released in 1977 by developers Tim Anderson, Marc Blank, Bruce Daniels, and Dave Lebling for the PDP-10 mainframe computer. The original developers and others, as the company Infocom, expanded and split the game into three titles—Zork I: The Great Underground Empire, Zork II: The Wizard of Frobozz, and Zork III: The Dungeon Master—which were released commercially for a range of personal computers beginning in 1980. In Zork, the player explores the abandoned Great Underground Empire in search of treasure. The player moves between the game's hundreds of locations and interacts with objects by typing commands in natural language that the game interprets. The program acts as a narrator, describing the player's location and the results of the player's commands. It has been described as the most famous piece of interactive fiction.
GAMEPLAY
Computer monitor with text on it
Zork being played on a Kaypro CP/M computer
Zork is a text-based adventure game wherein the player explores the ruins of the Great Underground Empire. The player types text commands for their character to traverse locations, solve puzzles, and collect treasure. The game has hundreds of locations, each with a name and description, and the player's commands interact with the objects, obstacles, and creatures within them. Commands can be one or two words (e.g., "get lamp" or "north") or more complex phrases (e.g., "put the lamp and sword in the case"). The command must fit the location's context (e.g., "get lamp" works only if a lamp is present). The program acts as a narrator, describing to the player their location and the results of certain actions. If the game does not understand the player's commands, it asks for the player to retype their actions. The program's replies are typically in a sarcastic, conversational tone, much as a Game Master would use in leading players in a tabletop role-playing game.
The original 1977 version of the game was a single release, Zork. When it was converted into a commercial software title, it was divided into three episodes, with new and expanded sections added to the latter two episodes. Much of the game world is composed of puzzles that must eventually be solved, such as a set of buttons on a dam or a maze to be traversed. Some puzzles have more than one solution. For instance, since the "Loud Room" is too overwhelmingly loud for the player to perform actions, the player can either empty the nearby dam to stop the sound of water falling, or shout "echo" in the room to change its acoustics. In the first episode, or Zork I, a thief character is wandering the underground as well, taking items that have been left behind or even stealing from the player's possessions. The player can fight or evade the thief, and can recover stolen items from the thief's treasure room. Some locations contain antagonists that the player must fight or overcome. Beginning in Zork II the player can learn magic spells to use in puzzles and combat. In dark areas, the player must carry a lantern or other light source to avoid being eaten by a monster called a grue. There is a limit to how much "inventory" one can carry, determined by the combined weight of objects, rather than the quantity.
A principal goal of each episode is to collect all the treasures, many of which are hidden behind puzzles. As treasures are collected or tasks are accomplished, the player's score increases, providing a rough measure of how much of the game has been completed. The player may traverse the game world and solve puzzles in almost any order, although some passageways require problem-solving to get through, and some puzzles require the player to possess something gained from solving a different puzzle. In Zork III, unlike in prior episodes, there is a timed component that directly affects the outcome. An earthquake will occur after about 130 moves, opening one passageway and closing another. In each episode, the treasures are needed to reach the conclusion of the game.
Type "help" in game for help.
Manual
Map