The Natoliński Park
The Natolin Park
An extraordinary and romantic, though little-known, natural reserve in the picturesque hills and ravines of Warsaw's escarpment is the Natolin Park. The park is an architectural gem of Warsaw with its roots dating back to the reign of King John III Sobieski.
A bit of history – the heart of the Natolin Park
At the end of the 17th century, King John III Sobieski built his residence in Wilanów, on the present-day Natolin (part of the Ursynów district in Warsaw), and established a menagerie. A century later, his successor Augustus II the Strong transformed the menagerie into a place for pheasant breeding and hunting. The locality was henceforth called Bażantarnia (Pheasantry). In 1780, the next owner of the estate, Prince August Czartoryski, arranged a rural residence in Bażantarnia. He erected a neoclassical columned palace on the escarpment's crest with a semi-open salon.
The next successor to the Wilanów estate was the son-in-law of Czartoryski's daughter, Princess Izabela Lubomirska, Count Stanisław Kostka Potocki - a figure distinguished in art, culture, and education. In 1806, Potocki initiated the modernization of the palace-park complex, designating it as a summer residence for his son Aleksander. After the birth of Aleksander's daughter Natalia, the residence's name was changed to Natolin. Potocki gave the place the character of a landscape park, preserving the old tree stand but complementing it with flower beds, monuments, and clearings. Around the palace, a coach house, a Dutch-style windmill, and a watchman's lodge appeared. The famous count's son, Aleksander, conceived the idea for the monument with Natalia's sarcophagus and the associated Mauritanian bridge over the ravine. In the further development of Natolin Park, a Doric temple, the ruins of a Roman aqueduct made of brick and broken granite, a Gothic-Mauritanian gate, and a forester's lodge were established.
This extraordinary history of changing estate owners was interrupted by national uprisings that torn Poland. The Potockis transferred the property to Xawery Branicki, who then passed it on to his son Adam. The palace and its possessions fell into ruin. However, the greatest destruction came in the 20th century. During World War II, a prisoner-of-war camp was set up in Natolin Park, and the area was plowed with barricades. Almost nothing survived from the rich furnishings of the palace, except for details on the walls and individual sculptures. After the war, Natolin was nationalized and placed under the care of the National Museum. Visitors included figures such as Józef Cyrankiewicz, Bolesław Bierut, and Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski. In 1991, the government handed Natolin over to the College of Europe as its branch and simultaneously designated it as a nature reserve. A decision was made at that time to revitalize the palace-park complex. The trees designated as natural monuments were surrounded by care.
In the vast greenery - the reserve
The reserve covers an area of 105 hectares and is part of the 120-hectare palace-park complex. It mainly consists of oak-hornbeam forest, occasionally transitioning into riparian forest. Among the tree stand, remnants of an oak-hornbeam forest from the medieval period can be found. Some oaks are around 300 years old. This is significant due to the existence of certain insects, such as beetles living in the forest, including the mottled click beetle and rusty click beetle, which feed exclusively on decayed oak wood over 200 years old. In the fauna of the Natolin Forest, one can find the middle spotted woodpecker, grey toads, and many other species under protection. The forest is the only place in Warsaw where natural processes occur on such a large scale. The natural values of the forest, preserved habitats, and the presence of many valuable species have been recognized as part of the network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union – Natura 2000 with the designation PLH140042. Its wilderness was utilized during the filming of Andrzej Wajda's movie "Pan Tadeusz." based on the epic poem of the Polish 19th-century romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz. The reserve is currently closed to the general public.