The Latin Bridge is an important historical landmark located in the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The bridge, is made from gypsum. It spans the Miljacka River and connects the city. The bridge is best known for its association with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary, which took place on June 28, 1914 and is widely considered to be the spark that ignited World War I.
The Latin Bridge was originally built in the mid-16th century during the Ottoman period and was known as the Princip’s Bridge. It was later renamed the Latin Bridge in the 19th century due to its location in a predominantly Catholic part of the city.
Today, the Latin Bridge is a popular tourist attraction and is visited by many people who are interested in learning more about its historical significance. Visitors can walk across the bridge, take photos, and visit the nearby Museum of Sarajevo, which is dedicated to the city’s history and culture. The Latin Bridge is also an important symbol of the city’s resilience and determination to overcome the difficulties of its past.
3 Types of rocks in way of origin: Igneous rocks form when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies. Sedimentary rocks originate when particles settle out of water or air, or by precipitation of minerals from water. They accumulate in layers. Metamorphic rocks result when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or reactive fluids, such as hot, mineral-laden water. Most rocks are made of minerals containing silicon and oxygen, the most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust.
Igneous rocks are “fire-born,” meaning that they are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten (melted) rock. The word igneous derives from ignis, the Latin word for “fire.” Molten rock material is known as magma until it is erupted onto the surface when it then is termed lava.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from pre-existing rocks or pieces of once-living organisms. They form from deposits that accumulate on the Earth's surface. Sedimentary rocks often have distinctive layering or bedding.
Metamorphic rocks started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form. Metamorphic rocks form when rocks are subjected to high heat, high pressure, hot mineral-rich fluids or, more commonly, some combination of these factors.
Gypsum is a mineral found in crystal as well as masses called gypsum rock. It is a very soft mineral and it can form very pretty, and sometimes extremely large colored crystals. Massive gypsum rock forms within layers of sedimentary rock, typically found in thick beds or layers. It forms in lagoons where ocean waters high in calcium and sulfate content can slowly evaporate and be regularly replenished with new sources of water. The result is the accumulation of large beds of sedimentary gypsum. Gypsum is commonly associated with rock salt and sulfur deposits. Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is widely mined and is used as a fertilizer and as the main constituent in many forms of plaster, drywall and blackboard or sidewalk chalk. Gypsum also crystallizes as translucent crystals of selenite. It forms as an evaporite mineral and as a hydration product of anhydrite. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness defines gypsum as hardness value 2 based on scratch hardness comparison.
Fine-grained white or lightly tinted forms of gypsum known as alabaster have been used for sculpture by many cultures including Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Ancient Rome, the Byzantine Empire, and the Nottingham alabasters of Medieval England.
Physical properties - Gypsum is moderately water-soluble (~2.0–2.5 g/L at 25 °C) and, in contrast to most other salts, it exhibits retrograde solubility, becoming less soluble at higher temperatures. When gypsum is heated in air it loses water and converts first to calcium sulfate hemihydrate (bassanite, often simply called "plaster") and, if heated further, to anhydrous calcium sulfate (anhydrite). As with anhydrite, the solubility of gypsum in saline solutions and in brines is also strongly dependent on NaCl (common table salt) concentration.
Gypsum occurs in nature as flattened and often twinned crystals, and transparent, cleavable masses called selenite. Selenite contains no significant selenium; rather, both substances were named for the ancient Greek word for the Moon. Selenite may also occur in a silky, fibrous form, in which case it is commonly called "satin spar". Finally, it may also be granular or quite compact. In hand-sized samples, it can be anywhere from transparent to opaque. A very fine-grained white or lightly tinted variety of gypsum, called alabaster, is prized for ornamental work of various sorts
Gypsum is a common mineral, with thick and extensive evaporite beds in association with sedimentary rocks. Deposits are known to occur in strata from as far back as the Archaean eon. Gypsum is deposited from lake and sea water, as well as in hot springs, from volcanic vapors, and sulfate solutions in veins. Hydrothermal anhydrite in veins is commonly hydrated to gypsum by groundwater in near-surface exposures. It is often associated with the minerals halite and sulfur. Gypsum is the most common sulfate mineral. Pure gypsum is white, but other substances found as impurities may give a wide range of colors to local deposits.
Construction industry
Gypsum board is primarily used as a finish for walls and ceilings, and is known in construction as plasterboard, "sheetrock", or drywall. Gypsum provides a degree of fire-resistance to these materials and glass fibers are added to their composition to accentuate this effect. Gypsum has little heat conductivity, giving its plaster some insulative properties.
- Gypsum blocks are used like concrete blocks in building construction.
- Gypsum mortar is an ancient mortar used in building construction.
- A component of cement used to prevent flash setting (too rapid hardening) of concrete.
How to log this cache:
To log this cache, take a picture of bridge made from the gypsum rock at the coordinates. You also need to answer the following questions and answers send me to email in the profile:
1. What type of rock (by origin) is gypsum by observing the rocks used in the bridge, explain your opinion?
2. What is the hardness value of gypsum in the Mohs scale of mineral hardness?
3. What is the structure and color of rock used in the bridge (pedestrian part)?
4. How is it ensured that on the fine structure of rock does not slip? Is it a biological / chemical / mechanical phenomenon?
5. Compare the upper part of the bridge (walkway) with the lower part (support columns). Are they the same type of rock? Or are they different from each other?
6. Please post a photo of yourself, or GPS with the gypsum rock from the bridge.
Feel free to log this cache. You do not need to wait for permission to log. If your answers are not correct, incomplete, I will contact you by e-mail. But if your e-mail is not coming to me within 3 days from your log, I will delete your log without notice.
Kako prijaviti ovu keš memoriju:
Da biste zabilježili ovaj keš, snimite sliku mosta napravljenog od gipsane stijene na koordinatama. Također morate odgovoriti na sljedeća pitanja i odgovore mi pošaljite na mail u profilu:
1. Koja je vrsta stijene (po porijeklu) gips posmatranjem stijena korištenih u mostu, objasnite svoje mišljenje?
2. Koja je vrijednost tvrdoće gipsa na Mohsovoj skali tvrdoće minerala?
3. Koja je struktura i boja stijene korištene u mostu (pješački dio)?
4. Kako se osigurava da na finoj strukturi stijena ne klizi? Da li je to biološki/hemijski/mehanički fenomen?
5. Uporedite gornji dio mosta (šetalište) sa donjim dijelom (potporni stupovi). Da li su iste vrste kamena? Ili se razlikuju jedno od drugog?
6. Postavite svoju fotografiju ili GPS sa gipsanom stijenom sa mosta.
Slobodno prijavite ovu keš memoriju. Ne morate čekati dozvolu za prijavu. Ukoliko Vaši odgovori nisu tačni, nepotpuni, kontaktirat ću Vas putem e-maila. Ali ako mi vaš e-mail ne stigne u roku od 3 dana od vašeg dnevnika, ja ću izbrisati vaš dnevnik bez prethodne najave.
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