Ottawa's journey towards establishing significant ornamental gardens began with the early recognition of green spaces as vital for public life. Major's Hill Park, while predating the formal concept of ornamental horticulture in the city, stands as a testament to this early appreciation. Its strategic location overlooking the Ottawa River and Parliament Hill made it a natural gathering place. The landscaping, even in its initial stages, aimed to enhance the natural beauty of the site, providing a backdrop for leisure and civic events. As Ottawa transitioned into the nation's capital, the need for spaces that reflected its growing stature and offered respite from urban life became increasingly apparent. The late 19th century witnessed a burgeoning interest in landscape design and horticulture across North America, influences that would significantly shape Ottawa's green spaces. The visionaries of the time recognized the importance of integrating beauty and functionality in the city's development, setting the stage for more intentionally designed ornamental gardens to emerge.
The true flourishing of ornamental gardens in Ottawa is intrinsically linked to the establishment and evolution of the Central Experimental Farm. William Saunders' foresight in creating a research institution that also prioritized aesthetic appeal was transformative. The Dominion Arboretum, born from the need to understand plant adaptability, evolved beyond its scientific mandate to become a showcase of horticultural artistry. Its carefully curated collections of trees and shrubs, arranged to highlight their form and beauty, provided an early model for ornamental planting on a grand scale. The subsequent development of the dedicated Ornamental Gardens within the CEF further solidified Ottawa's commitment to horticultural excellence. These gardens were not merely for show; they served as living laboratories, where different plant species and varieties were tested for their suitability to the local climate. The meticulous record-keeping and research conducted within these spaces provided invaluable knowledge to both professional and amateur gardeners across the region. The enduring popularity of the lilac walks, the heritage rose garden, and the peony garden speaks to the long-term success of this dual mission – to advance horticultural science while creating spaces of exceptional beauty and public enjoyment. These gardens have become integral to Ottawa's identity, offering seasonal displays of color and fragrance that enrich the lives of residents and visitors alike.