> Why this color under your feet ? <
During the first half of the Cretaceous period, the climate remained tropical, and erosion deeply affected the sediments deposited during the previous period. The resulting karst landscape is typical of limestone regions.
During the second half of the Cretaceous, a radical change in environment occurred. The sea once again flooded the entire region, but this time it was deeper than ever before. In the Paris Basin, the sediments reached several hundred meters in thickness, instead of just a few dozen meters as previously. In this sea, a new sediment was deposited: chalk.
Chalk is a white, soft, and friable limestone rock. It is largely formed from the accumulation of coccoliths, which are tiny calcareous plates forming the outer shell of very small single-celled plants: approximately 0.01 millimeter in size.
Immediately north of the Brenne (the Gâtines de l'Indre region, sometimes called Boischaut-du-Nord) and throughout Touraine, where they were used as building stones for the Loire castles, these chalky formations are called Tuffeau. A distinction is made between white Tuffeau, the oldest, and yellow Tuffeau, deposited immediately after the former. White Tuffeau is a chalk containing minerals, micas, and quartz, which originate from the crystalline rocks of the Armorican Massif or the Massif Central. Sea urchin fossils are found in it. Yellow Tuffeau contains brown flints, whose mode of formation is identical to that described for the flints in the limestone formations.
At the end of the Cretaceous period, the sea retreated, never to return to our region. This last regression cannot be precisely dated because the deposits left as the sea receded have practically disappeared: erosion was subsequently particularly destructive. However, it is thought that the Berry region emerged 75 to 70 million years ago. The Brenne region will soon begin to truly differentiate itself and become more like the landscape we know today.
