ALLEGHENY NATIONAL FOREST DISCOVERY SERIES
Each of the earthcaches in this series will take you along roads and trails
to discover the wonders that exist in and around the ANF.
Elk - Forest - McKean - Warren
This discovery series was developed as a heartfelt THANK YOU to all who completed the requirements as requested, and wrote positive logs worth the time to read. Complete 24 ECT caches. Send a list of logs (GL links) via message for verification of requirements. Arrange to meet at Cache Condo to pick up your trackable coin.
EARTHCACHE REQUIREMENTS
Each cacher must send his/her own answers BEFORE logging a find. ... "Geocachers must complete the tasks before they log the EarthCache as found." (4.3. EarthCache logging tasks)
Enjoy the journey (learning adventure) as well as the destination (smiley earned). Remember to take only pictures and leave only footprints. To get credit for this Earthcache, complete the following tasks:
NOTE: Answers via message -and- log signature picture are required to post a find for this cache.
1. MESSAGE …. At the posted coords, view the rock. Describe three things that are different from #2.
2. MESSAGE …. At the waypoint coords, view the rock. Describe three things that are different from #1.
3. MESSAGE (OPTIONAL) …. Identify the buildings that are shown in the picture and are on the list.
Congrats PaRacers
4. LOG …. Post a picture at or near the posted coordinates -and- the waypoint coordinates. Post a picture of your discovery rock. These pictures are your log signature. No spoiler pics.
OPTIONAL - Please respect the time and effort involved in finding and creating this earthcache by adding A B C to your log.
A. Discover another interesting rock in/around the ANF, Give coordinates. Identify your rock and explain your choice. If you found your rock at a geocache/earthcache site, give name of the cache and GC number instead of cooordinates.
B. JOURNEY OF THE MIND ... Science explains what we observe. Relate (in your own words) something you found interesting in the reading. This adds to your learning adventure and your log.
C. JOURNEY OF THE HEART ... Art shares our personal experience of what we see. Share something special you found on site, and why it is special to you ... prose / story / poem / picture. This is a memorable addition to your log and will make other hearts smile.
Journeys of Heart and Mind ...
Stories to Touch the Heart and Puzzles to Challenge the Mind / Rainbow Tree Story
The native rocks in the Allegheny National Forest are sandstone (feels gritty), shale (smells like wet mud when moistened), conglomerate (pieces of other rocks), limestone (fizzes in vinegar).
THANK YOU LN for travelling and hiking with RT to complete this Earthcache Trail.
SHALE
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic (fragments) sedimentary rock. It is made of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny silt-sized particles of other minerals. The color is typically gray. Shale is characterized by parallel layering less than one centimeter in thickness. The process in the rock cycle which forms shale is called compaction.
RED SHALE QUARRY
Shale was dug from this quarry by the Hanley Brick Company in Lewis Run. The presence of ferric oxide is responsible for giving the rock/bricks the natural red color. Due to the abundance of natural materials, bricks were used for buildings, roads, sidewalks, decoration. Bradford was considered a red brick town. Here you will see the rock, remnants of the bridge conveying raw materials to the plant, mode of transportation for getting bricks to different areas (RR tracks), site of the Hanley Brick Company (now site of Keystone Powdered Metal Company).
The process of making bricks involves several steps. EXTRACTION - The rock is removed from the quarry. PREPARATION - The rock is ground and mixed with water. FORMING - This soft material is placed within a mould coated with sand, soil, or water to prevent sticking. DRYING - Water is removed. FIRING - Particles are fused producing a durable and weather resistant product.
Making bricks is akin to the natural rock cycle. Both use heat and pressure to change softer sedimentary rock into harder metamorphic rock - one natural, the other man-made.
HANLEY BRICK COMPANY
The Bradford Landmark Society - The Inkwell - October 2010
Picture by LN
GRAY SHALE CLIFF
Another shale outcropping is visible 4.8 miles along the same road. This outcropping is the type of rock that is infused with Pennsylvania Grade Crude Oil. (See Penn Grade Crude Oil GC2BCBY for more information.) Dotted within and around the Bradford area are numerous oil wells.
adventuresinenergy.org
Picture by RT